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农历又不是纯阴历，为啥被翻译成“Lunar Calendar”? - 知乎

农历又不是纯阴历，为啥被翻译成“Lunar Calendar”? - 知乎首页知乎知学堂发现等你来答切换模式登录/注册英语翻译阴历农历历法农历又不是纯阴历，为啥被翻译成“Lunar Calendar”?农历是阴阳合历，为什么翻译成“Lunar Calendar”而不是“Agriculture Calendar”或者是“Solar-Lunar Comp…显示全部关注者22被浏览69,357关注问题写回答邀请回答好问题 21 条评论分享11 个回答默认排序小蘇小姐英国利兹大学国际市场营销管理硕士关注有Lunisolar Calendar表示阴阳历。发布于 2020-01-11 03:52赞同 61 条评论分享收藏喜欢收起明上英玄皇圖永固，帝道遐昌关注大概是翻译的人，不知道“农历”其实是“阴阳合历”，而非单纯的“太阴历”。发布于 2020-01-18 13:39赞同 3添加评论分享收藏喜欢

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Chinese Lunar Calendar

Chinese lunar calendar, as the traditional calendar of China, is also known as rural calendar, Hua calendar, Xia calendar, Han calendar, Chinese calendar and so on. Originated in the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan Period (2717 - 2599 BC), the Chinese calendar is not a pure lunar calendar but a lunisolar calendar.

Chinese Lunar Calendar History

From the stem-branch system in ancient times to the Gregorian calendar used in the late Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911 AD), the Chinese calendar was revised for many times and up to 102 calendars were used in the history of China. These calendars had significant impacts on Chinese culture and civilization, such as stem-branch calendar, Xia calendar, Shang calendar, Zhou calendar, Taichu calendar in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD), Huangji calendar in the Sui Dynasty (581 - 618 AD), and Dayan calendar in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD). Some calendars had never been officially used but contributed to health preserving, medicine, ideology, science, astronomy, mathematics, and other fields. When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the Gregorian calendar was adopted to number the years with the Common Era system; at the same time, the traditional Chinese calendar - lunar calendar was retained and the national standard Calculation and Promulgation of the Chinese Calendar was issued in 2017. The current lunar calendar is calculated by the Purple Hills Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and it is part of the official almanac - Chinese Astronomical Almanac.

What is the Chinese calendar based on?

The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar rather than a lunar one, which takes the cycle of the moon phases, i.e. the synodic month, as the length of a month, incorporates the elements of 24 solar terms of the stem-branch calendar, refers to the solar year as the length of a year and adjusts the average calendar year to the tropical year by adding a leap month. Due to the absorption of stem-branch calendar and 24 solar terms, the Chinese lunar calendar can reflect the change of seasons, guide farming and so on. Therefore, it contains both lunar and solar calendar elements and is a lunisolar calendar.

How is the lunar calendar calculated?

The Chinese calendar takes into account the relationship between the sun, the moon and the earth. The lunar calendar is regardless of the earth's orbit around the sun and cannot reflect the seasons since there is no fixed time for the changes of seasons. Different from the solar year which is 365 or 366-day, the lunar year sometimes differs with the solar year by one month in terms of days. In order to coordinate the number of days between the solar year and the lunar year, the lunisolar calendar, i.e. the Chinese lunar calendar, is introduced and it includes common years and leap years. A common year, a.k.a. nonleap year, has 12 months while a leap year consists of 13 months. A month can be a 30-day long month or 29-day short month; the average calendar month is equal to a synodic month. The long or short months are decided by calculation. This is done by adding 24 solar terms to the calendar and by using "7 leap years in 19 lunar years" (i.e. adding 7 leap years in each 19 lunar years. There is one extra leap month in a leap year, thus the year has 383-385 days while a common year has 353-355 days) to make the average number of days in a lunar year in line with that in a tropical year. As a result, the Chinese lunar calendar corresponds both to the phases of the moon and to the periodic motion of the earth around the sun.

How to Name Month and Date in Chinese Lunar Calendar?

In the Chinese lunar calendar, the first month is traditionally called Zheng Yue (the first month, not January) while the 11th month and the 12th month are called Dong Yue (eleventh month) and La Yue (end-of-year month) respectively; however, Dong Yue is rarely used at present. The Chinese idiom of Han Dong La Yue (literally chilly winter) used to indicate the cold climate indicate that the 10th, 11th and the 12th months in the Chinese lunar calendar are the coldest of a year.

In a lunar month, the first 10 days are usually called ''Chu+Date'' in sequence. For example, the 2nd day of the 1st month is called Zheng Yue Chu Er (Er means second in Chinese), i.e. 1st Month 2nd Day. The 11th to the 29th or 30th day are directly called with the number of the date. For example, the 15th day of the 1st month is called Zheng Yue Shi Wu (Shi Wu means fifteenth in Chinese), i.e. 1st Month 15th Day. Traditionally, the 21st to 29th days are called ''Nian+Date'' (Nian means twenty in Chinese). For example, the 22nd day of the 1st month is called Zheng Yue Nian Er, i.e. 1st Month 22nd Day.

24 Solar Terms

The 24 solar terms, an integral part of the Chinese lunar calendar, reflect the annual apparent motion of the sun. As the 24 seasonal points of the stem-branch calendar, the 24 solar terms are distributed in 12 months, and each month contains two solar terms. The 24 solar terms adopts the cycle of the earth's revolution around the sun, which basically summarizes the different positions of the sun on the ecliptic at different times of the year, the exact time of four seasons, the occurrence rules of natural phenomena like rainfall and snowfall, and the time of some phenological phenomena in nature. The 24 solar terms are determined according to the positions of the earth in the ecliptic (i.e. the earth's orbit around the sun) and each corresponds to a certain position of the sun every time it moves 15 degrees on the ecliptic. The 24 solar terms were established in ancient times and incorporated into the Taichu calendar in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD) as a supplementary calendar to guide farming. Through the 24 solar terms, the Chinese lunar calendar accurately reflects the changes at all seasons to facilitate people's production, living and agricultural cultivation. Following the rules of the Chinese lunar calendar, the 24 solar terms are calculated by calendarists with the astronomical algorithms thru actual observations. The lunar months generally correspond to the 12 minor solar terms (each falls upon the middle of a month) while the 12 major solar terms can fall on the second half of the last month or the first half of the current month in the Chinese lunar calendar.

The major solar terms and the minor appear alternately and each lasts about 15 days. The two are collectively known as the solar terms.

List of 24 Solar Terms: Start of Spring, Rain Water, Insects Awaken, Vernal Equinox, Clear and Bright, Grain Rain, Summer Begins, Grain Buds, Grain Ear, Summer Solstice, Slight Heat, Great Heat, Autumn Begins, Heat Withdraws, White Dews, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dews, Frost Falls, Winter Begins, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold, Great Cold

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Moon Phases 2024 – Lunar Calendar

Phases 2024 – Lunar Calendar

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Home Sun, Moon & Space Moon PhasesMoon Phases 2024 – Lunar CalendarTime/GeneralWeather Weather Today/Tomorrow Hour-by-Hour Forecast 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past WeatherClimate (Averages)Time Zone DST ChangesSun & Moon Sun & Moon Today Sunrise & Sunset Moonrise & Moonset Moon Phases Eclipses Night Sky Sun & Moon Today Sunrise & Sunset Moonrise & Moonset Moon Phases Eclipses Night Sky

Moon: 5.5%Waning CrescentCurrent Time: 8 Mar 2024, 19:56:32Moon Phase Tonight: Waning CrescentNew Moon: 10 Mar 2024, 17:00 (Next Phase)Third Quarter: 3 Mar 2024, 23:23 (Previous Phase)×Permalink for Manila: Moon phases for Manila, PhilippinesMoon Phases for Manila, 3 Mar 2024 – 25 Mar 2024Third Quarter3 Marso23:23New Moon10 Marso17:00First Quarter17 Marso12:10Full Moon25 Marso15:00Worm Moon

Moon Phases for Manila, Philippines in 2024Showing moon phases for: 20042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035203620372038203920402041204220432044Scroll right to see moreLunationNew MoonFirst QuarterFull MoonThird QuarterDuration1249 4 Ene11:3029d 12h 25m125011 Ene19:5718 Ene11:5226 Ene01:543 Peb07:1829d 11h 02m125110 Peb06:5916 Peb23:0024 Peb20:303 Mar23:2329d 10h 01m125210 Mar17:0017 Mar12:1025 Mar15:002 Abr11:1429d 9h 20m12539 Abr02:2016 Abr03:1324 Abr07:481 May19:2729d 9h 01m12548 May11:2115 May19:4823 May21:5331 May01:1229d 9h 16m12556 Hun20:3714 Hun13:1822 Hun09:0729 Hun05:5329d 10h 20m12566 Hul06:5714 Hul06:4821 Hul18:1728 Hul10:5129d 12h 16m12574 Ago19:1312 Ago23:1820 Ago02:2526 Ago17:2529d 14h 42m12583 Set09:5511 Set14:0518 Set10:3425 Set02:4929d 16h 54m12593 Okt02:4911 Okt02:5517 Okt19:2624 Okt16:0329d 17h 58m12601 Nob20:479 Nob13:5516 Nob05:2823 Nob09:2729d 17h 34m12611 Dis14:218 Dis23:2615 Dis17:0123 Dis06:1829d 16h 05m126231 Dis06:26 29d 14h 09m * All times are local time for Manila. They take into account refraction. Dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Current lunation cycle is highlighted yellow. Special events are highlighted blue. Hover over events for more details.Sun and Moon times today for Manila | Moonrise and moonset times for Manila | Sunrise and sunset times for Manila2024 Moon Phases CalendarEne4:, 11:, 18:, 26:Peb3:, 10:, 16:, 24:Mar3:, 10:, 17:, 25:Abr2:, 9:, 16:, 24:May1:, 8:, 15:, 23:, 31:Hun6:, 14:, 22:, 29:Hul6:, 14:, 21:, 28:Ago4:, 12:, 20:, 26:Set3:, 11:, 18:, 25:Okt3:, 11:, 17:, 24:Nob1:, 9:, 16:, 23:Dis1:, 8:, 15:, 23:, 31:Special Moon Events in 2024Super New Moon: 10 PebMicro Full Moon: 24 PebSuper New Moon: 10 MarMicro Full Moon: 25 MarSuper New Moon: 9 AbrBlue Moon: 20 Ago (third Full Moon in a season with four Full Moons)Super Full Moon: 18 SetMicro New Moon: 3 OktSuper Full Moon: 17 OktBlack Moon: 31 Dis (second New Moon in single calendar month)Articles About Moon PhasesAbout Moon PhasesWhat Is a Super Full Moon?Why Is the Full Moon in the Daytime?What Is a Micro Moon?Full Moon NamesAbout the MoonMoon Photography Tips & TricksThe Moon: Our SatellitePrintable PDF calendar of moon phases Need some help?Advertising

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Chinese Calendar

TodayLucky Date Search , Chinese Lunar Date： Chinese Solar Date： 0Chinese calendar, a lunisolar calendar, is formed on the movement of the moon and the sun. It is also called the Lunar calendar, Yin calendar, Xia calendar or the old Chinese calendar. Each Chinese calendar year has a zodiac sign, 12 or 13 months and each month has 29 or 30 days. If there are 12 months, there will be 354 or 355 days in a year; if 13 months, there will be 383 or 384 days. Although China has adopted the Gregorian calendar for official and business occasions, the traditional Chinese calendar is widely used to define 24 solar terms, traditional holidays and helps to choose a lucky day before important activities such as wedding, moving into a new house. How Does the Chinese Lunar Calendar WorkEach time the moon moves into a line with the earth and the sun, a new month begins and this is called 'Chu Yi' or 'Shuo Ri', meaning the first day of a lunar month. When the full moon appears, it is the middle of the month. The time of a full moon circle is a little more than 29 days, so one month has 29 days or 30 days.There are 12 – 13months in a lunar year. The month with its first day nearest the Beginning of Spring (the first solar term) is the first lunar month, and on that day the Spring Festival is held and this varies between January 20th and February 20th. Leap MonthJust as the Gregorian calendar has a leap year in order to compensate for the fact that the earth does not travel around the sun in exactly 365 days, the Chinese calendar is adjusted so as to ensure that it bears a proper relationship with the apparent movement of the sun between the northern and southern tropics. People in ancient times concluded that there is a 19 year cycle. And within this cycle, certain days will equate with the lunar day. For example, in 1963, 1982, and 2001, May 28th coincided with the sixth day of the fourth month in lunar year. 2024 Chinese Lunar Calendar PDF Download To decide when a leap month needs to be added to bring the lunar calendar in accordance to the earth's movement around the sun, the 24 solar terms are considered. Most months will have more than one solar term but in those instances where a month has only one, it will be repeated with 29 or 30 days the same as a normal month which means there are 13 months in some years. This phenomenon can occur every two or three years. Chinese Lunar Calendar 2024According to Chinese calendar, 2024 is Jia Chen Year. It lasts from February 10, 2024 to January 28, 2025 in Gregorian calendar. The zodiac sign is Dragon. Chinese Calendar Year 2024 - 2033 Year Chinese Calendar Year Chinese Pinyin Zodiac Sign Date in Gregorian Calendar 2024 甲辰年 jia chen nian Dragon Feb. 10, 2024 – Jan. 28, 2025 2025 已巳年 yi si nian Snake Jan. 29, 2025 – Feb. 16, 2026 2026 丙午年 bing wu nian Horse Feb. 17, 2026 – Feb. 05, 2027 2027 丁未年 ding wei nian Sheep Feb. 06, 2027 – Feb. 25, 2028 2028 戊申年 wu shen nian Monkey Jan. 26, 2028 – Feb. 12, 2029 2029 己酉年 ji you nian Rooster Feb. 13, 2029 – Feb. 02, 2030 2030 庚戌年 geng xu nian Dog Feb. 03, 2030 – Jan. 22, 2031 2031 辛亥年 xin hai nian Pig Jan. 23, 2031 - Feb. 10, 2032 2032 壬子年 ren zi nian Rat Feb. 11, 2032 - Jan. 30, 2033 2033 癸丑年 gui chou nian Ox Feb. 3, 2033 - Feb, 4, 2034 * Please select a date according to the Gregorian calendar and search for the corresponding Chinese calendar information. What are the Uses of Chinese Calendar？Traditional Chinese FestivalsAll traditional Chinese festivals are decided according to the lunar calendar. For example, Spring Festival is the first day of a lunar year, Dragon Boat Festival is on May 5th and Mid-Autumn Festival is on August 15th in lunar calendar. Chinese ZodiacA zodiac year is from the first day to the last day of a lunar year. Every lunar year has a representative zodiac. And it has a 12-year cycle with the order as Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig. 24 Solar TermsAfter observing the sun’s movement, ancients have found the longest day and the shortest day of a year, respectively Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice. Using these two annual events, a Chinese calendar year was divided into 24 equal parts, each forming a solar term. 24 solar terms show people’s understanding of four seasons, climate and the agriculture. For instance, the Beginning of Spring (Li Chun) symbolizes the coming of spring; Grain in Beard (Mang Zhong) means it is time to harvest wheat and Greater Cold (Da Han) signifies the coldest time of a year. See more Customs Concerning the 24 Solar Terms Choose a Lucky DateIn daily life, Chinese people usually choose a lucky day in Chinese calendar before important activities such as marriage proposal, wedding, praying for pregnancy, and traveling. Heavenly Stems & Earthly BranchesBased on Chinese lunar calendar, Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches is developed which is used to calculate years. The 10 heavenly stems are Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui and the 12 earthly branches are Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai. Every lunar year has a name combined by 1 heavenly stem and 1 earthly branch. For example, 2024 is Jia Chen year and 2025 is Yi Si year. When every lunar new year comes, the heavenly stems and earthly branches turn to next one and combine a new name. And it has a 60-year cycle. Five ElementsAncient Chinese believed the universe was composed of five elements, namely metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Chinese like to find out their element using their birth date in lunar calendar and predict their life horoscope, like what career they are suitable for and what kind of people they are supposed to marry. Over 4,000 Years’ History of Chinese Lunar CalendarThe lunar calendar has a very long history going back to the Xia (21st century BC - 16th century BC) and Shang Dynasty (16th century BC - 11th century BC). Roughly speaking, it has existed for more than 4,000 years. It is based on a unique combination of astronomy and geography through observation and exploration.Following its creation in the Xia Dynasty, succeeding reigns continued to use the calendar but modified it from time to time. The Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) rulers instituted the Taichu calendar, while during Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD) the Huangji calendar was introduced and it was adopted by Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Differences between Chinese Calendar and Gregorian CalendarChinese calendar is lunisolar calendar which is calculated according to the movement of the moon and the sun. Gregorian calendar is calculated by the movement of sun; when the earth goes around the sun for one circle, it is one year. Generally speaking, lunar calendar is 20 – 50 days later than Gregorian calendar.You May Like 2024 / 2025 / 2026 Chinese Public Holiday Calendar Chinese Gender Predictor 24 Solar Terms

- Last updated on Jan. 19, 2024 by Gabby Li -

Q & A Search: Questions & Answers on Chinese CalendarAsked by Prince from SOUTH AFRICA | Feb. 25, 2024 16:13ReplyWill I meet get a job n meet the people who will influence me to elevate an complete my goals in2024Metal dragon 2000 August 20thAnswers (1)Answered by Maria | Feb. 26, 2024 23:1000Reply This year may not be so smooth for you as it is your Zodiac Year of Birth and your fortune will largely be affected. In this challenging year, you should be more cautious and make more efforts in career aspects. Good luck!Asked by Michelle Walters from USA | Feb. 23, 2024 00:03ReplyWill my family & I move next year? I’m a metal monkey 1980Answers (1)Answered by Jessica | Feb. 25, 2024 18:3500Reply Monkey people born in the year of 190 have a pretty good fortune in career aspect and you may meet a lot of great opportunities. So don't miss the chance and working hard is the basic element.Asked by leaf from IRELAND | Feb. 20, 2024 05:50ReplyI've met someone, is he the right one!I am year of the snake, 1989, fire element. What's in store for me in 2024 for love?Answers (1)Answered by Edward | Feb. 20, 2024 19:3000Reply This year may not be so smooth for Snake People. In love relationship, you should be more cautious and sharpen your eyes. Sometimes others' advice is useful and helpful. Asked by DM from GERMANY | Feb. 20, 2024 05:48Replylife directionI've done a lot of travels in my life - where is it leading me? I am year of the dog (water element) - 1982. Should I stay in the town I've lived in for the past 10 years or am I ready for a new big change?Answers (1)Answered by Jeremy | Feb. 20, 2024 19:2700Reply I always believe that your heart will tell you your life direction. If you like traveling, then continue to do it and find some new things in your life. If you are tired of it and want to lead a peaceful life, then stop for a while until you find your new destination. Good luck, stranger!Asked by Salvatore Marsiano from U.S.A. | Feb. 15, 2024 18:35ReplyChinese calendar yearWhat is the Chinese calendar year this year ? THE CALENDAR YEAR, NOT THE ZODIAC SIGN, THE NUMBER Answers (1)Answered by Mandy | Feb. 20, 2024 00:3800Reply It is called Jia Chen Year in Chinese calendar.More Questions & AnswersAsk a QuestionQuestion Summary (100 characters)Details (optional) (2,000 characters)NameCountryEmail

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About Chinese Almanac Calendar (Tung Shing)

Chinese Calendar, developed from Chinese Lunar calendar, is a perpetual calendar with daily auspicious and inauspicious events. It is said that the Yellow Emperor Calendar was created by the Yellow Emperor, thus the name Yellow Emperor Calendar. Since the Calendar mainly includes astronomy, weather, season and some taboos that people should observe in daily life and guides Chinese farmers in the farming time, it is also named Farmers' Almanac and known as ''Tong Shu'' (通书 literally "All-knowing Book") in folk China. However, ''Shu'' in Chinese is homophonic to the word ''defeated'', so the Calendar is called ''Tung Shing'' for auspicious meaning.

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农历（中国现行的传统历法）_百度百科

国现行的传统历法）_百度百科网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心农历是一个多义词，请在下列义项上选择浏览（共5个义项）展开添加义项农历[nóng lì]播报讨论上传视频中国现行的传统历法收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10农历，是中国现行的传统历法， [20]属于阴阳合历，也就是阴历和阳历的合历，是根据月相的变化周期，每一次月相朔望变化为一个月，参考太阳回归年为一年的长度，并加入二十四节气与设置闰月以使平均历年与回归年相适应。农历融合阴历与阳历形成为一种阴阳合历历法，因使用“夏正”，古时称为夏历。 [20]现行农历于1970年以后改称“夏历”为“农历”。由中国科学院紫金山天文台负责计算，并于公元2017年颁布了国家标准《农历的编算和颁行》。使用新的历法，其年份分为平年和闰年，平年为十二个月，闰年为十三个月，月份分为大月和小月，大月三十天，小月二十九天，其平均历月等于一个朔望月。农历是以月亮圆缺变化的周期为依据，一个朔望月为一个月，约29.53天，全年一般是354天或355天，比公历年（也称回归年、太阳年）的365天或366天少了11天。 [22]根据中国科学院紫金山天文台起草的国家标准《农历的编算和颁行》，朔日为农历月的第一个农历日，也就是说每个农历月的初一一定是朔日。每个农历月反映了完整的月相变化周期，因此属于阴阳历中的阴历部分。农历中的二十四节气反映的是地球绕太阳运行轨道上的不同位置，即回归年周期，因此属于阴阳历中的阳历部分。 [20]中文名农历外文名Chinese Calendar [23]别名华历、汉历、夏历属性阴阳历特点历月为朔望月，平均历年为回归年使用地区中国、朝鲜半岛、越南等地起源时代古代纪年法以干支或生肖纪年目录1历法简介▪基础历法▪融合演变2规则计算3历法补充▪干支纪法▪二十四节气4历史渊源▪发展简史▪历代历法▪历法建正5其它相关▪闰月概览▪月份别称▪农历的优点▪名称对比▪问题解答历法简介播报编辑基础历法历法，是根据天象变化的自然规律，计量较长的时间间隔，判断气候的变化，预示季节来临的法则。依历岁、历年、历月，分为星辰历、太阳历、太阴历、阴阳合历。总体历法分四种：阴历（月亮历）、阳历（太阳历）、星辰历（北斗历）、阴阳合历。以朔望月为基本单位的历法是阴历，以太阳年为基本单位的历法是阳历，以北斗七星旋转为基本单位的历法是星辰历。农历，其基础历法规则经历多代逐渐完善形成，其形式1970年以来一直延续。农历是在夏历（阴历）的基础上融合阳历成分从而形成的一种历法。农历在民间通常被错误地称作阴历，其实它是属于阴阳合历。 [1-2]月相夏历，又称阴历、旧历、华历等，是月亮历，是以月亮围绕地球转动的规律制定的。以月球绕行地球一周为一月，即以朔望月作为确定历月的基础。夏历的一个月叫做“朔望月”。每月初一为朔日，十五为望日，“朔望月”是月相盈亏的平均周期。夏历只管朔望月，不管回归年，所以和一年四季无关。由于阴历（华历）是以月相变化为依据，不考虑地球绕太阳的运行，因而不能反映季节转换用以准确指导农事。夏历虽不能反映季节准确指导农事，但其有一大作用是可以反映潮汐，潮汐现象是月亮起主导作用，以月相变化为依据的阴历是古时指导海事活动指南。远洋航海、海上捕鱼、海水养殖，海洋工程及沿岸各类生产活动等都受潮汐的影响。潮汐是指海水在天体（主要是月球和太阳）引潮力作用下所产生的周期性运动，是沿海地区的一种自然现象。在中国古代称白天的潮汐为“潮”，晚上的称为“汐”，合称为“潮汐”，它的发生和太阳、月球的引力都有关系，也和夏历（阴历）对应。在夏历每月的初一即朔点时刻处太阳和月球在地球的一侧，所以就有了最大的引潮力，所以会引起“大潮”，在夏历每月的十五或十六附近，太阳和月亮在地球的两侧，太阳和月球的引潮力你推我拉也会引起“大潮”；在月相为上弦和下弦时，即夏历的初八和二十三时，太阳引潮力和月球引潮力互相抵消了一部分所以就发生了“小潮”。二十四节气变化图干支历又称星辰历、甲子历、节气历或中国阳历，是一部深奥的历法，二十四节气与十二月建是干支历的基本内容。古人以天干地支来作为载体，天干承载的是天之道，地支承载的是地之道；在天成象，在地成形，在人成运；干象天而支象地，万物虽长于地上，但是万物的荣盛兴衰却离不开天。天干地支蕴含了深奥的宇宙星象密码。古人认为世间万物衍变，皆可以通过其推算。十天干与十二地支的组合，形成了六十甲子。干支历，是以十天干和十二地支进行两两搭配组成60组不同的天干地支组合，用以标记年月日时的历法。干支历将一年划分为十二月建，“建”代表北斗七星斗柄顶端的指向；古代天文学称北斗星斗柄所指为建，一岁之中斗柄旋转而依次指为十二辰，称为“十二月建”。十二月建即：正月建寅，二月建卯，三月建辰，四月建巳，五月建午，六月建未，七月建申，八月建酉，九月建戌，十月建亥，十一月建子，十二月建丑。干支历以立春至下一立春为一岁，用二十四节气划分出十二个月，每个月含有两个节气，没有闰月。它以立春为岁首，交节日为月首。它又与通常的阳历（如公历）不同，公历的月长由人为规定而与天象无涉；干支历的年月日均由天象决定，无需通过人为调整，是完全符合天象规律的一部历法。干支历依旧流行于万年历等书，用于象数、风水和命理学中。 [1] [3]融合演变农历农历是在阴历（夏历）基础上融合了阳历成分的一种阴阳合历。取月相的变化周期即朔望月为月的长度，加入干支历“二十四节气”成分，参考太阳回归年为年的长度，通过设置闰月以使平均历年与回归年相适应。所以，农历既有阴历又有阳历的成分。与阳历年固定在365天或366天不同的是，阴历年相比阳历年在天数上有时会相差大约10~20天。为了协调回归年与朔望月之间的天数，于是产生了阴阳历，即农历。方法是在历法中通过合理的置闰法，如“19年7闰”法（即在19个农历年中加上7个闰年。农历的平年为12个月平均有354.3672天，而闰年比平年多一个闰月，因此平均有383.8978天。）使得一年的平均天数与回归年的天数相符。因此这种历法既与月相相符，也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。置闰规则为使用冬至作为计算的起点，从甲年冬至所在历月到乙年冬至所在历月（不含）之间，如果只有十二个朔望月，则设为平年，不置闰。如果出现十三个朔望月时，则从甲年冬至所在历月之后起算，将第一个不含中气的历月，设立为闰月，称作闰某月。 [1] [4]旧历、老历、阴历也是指农历。但旧历、老历只是相对新历（即公历）而言，并非正当称谓。而阴历事实上只按月亮的月相变化来安排的历法。不少人认为农历就是阴历，其实二者还是有差别的。阴历的时间和阳历相比，每年大约差10.875天，如果完全按照阴历来，可能不出五年，我们就要在夏天过春节了。然而这种情况并没有发生，因为中国的历法中有一项伟大的发明叫“置闰法”。由于农历在阴历基础上加入了阳历成分，所以农历是一种阴阳合历。农历固定地把朔的时刻所在日子作为月的第一天（初一日）。所谓“朔”，从天文学上讲，它有一个确定的时刻，也就是月亮黄经和太阳黄经相同的那一瞬间。农历的历月长度是以朔望月为准的，大月30天，小月29天，大月和小月相互弥补，使历月的平均长度接近朔望月。农历的历年长度是以回归年为准的，但一个回归年比12个朔望月的日数多。天文学家在编制农历时，为使一个月中任何一天都含有月相的意义，即初一是无月的夜晚，十五左右都是圆月，就以朔望月为主，同时兼顾季节时令。规则计算播报编辑《大明嘉靖三年岁次甲申大统历》 [13]节气和朔望的时间计算以东经120度，中国标准时间为准。（农历法则据中国科学院紫金山天文台）常用术语常用术语术语释义黄经是在黄道坐标系统中用来确定天体在（天球）地球上位置的坐标值，共分成360度。在这个系统（天球）地球被黄道平面分割为南北两个半球，太阳移到黄经0度为春分、移到黄经90度为夏至、移到180度为秋分、移到270度时为冬至。岁首现通常用“岁首”来称呼历法的首月首日。其实严格来讲，“岁”是干支历特有的概念，岁即“摄提”，又名太岁，“岁首”原始含义是摄提（太岁）的首月首日，即立春。阴历是以月相朔望变化为一个月，阴历的首月首日多称为“元朔”。“岁”和“年”，在古时是有严格区别的：从立春到下一个立春，谓之一岁；从一月一日到下一个一月一日，谓之“一年”。平气计算不考虑太阳在黄道上运动快慢不匀，将一周年时间（回归年）24等分划分出二十四节气，两个节气之间的平均天数为15.22天。定气计算考虑太阳在黄道上运动快慢不匀，以春分点为0度起点，太阳在黄道上每运行15度为一个“节气”，每“节气”时间不均等。两个节气之间的天数不一样、短的只有14天、长的达16天。节气一年分十二节令、十二中气，共二十四个节气。节气最初是采用斗柄指向确定，后有一段时期演变为用“平气法”确定，再后来采用“定气法”确定。清朝《时宪历》（公元1645年）以前用平气标注，清朝《时宪历》以后用定气标注。注意标注和计算的不同。朔日月球移到地球和太阳中间时的那一天叫朔日。平朔用朔望月的平均长度计算、没考虑日月运行的不均等性；缺点：含有真正的“朔”的当天有时可能会出现在前一月的最后一日（“晦日”、即农历廿九日或三十日），有时会出现在初二。定朔计算考虑了日月运行的不均等性，将含有真正“朔”的当天作为每月的开始。冬至日冬至交接时间所在的那一天就叫冬至日。历法可分为阳历、阴历、阴阳历三种阳历（太阳历）以太阳周年视运动周期（即回归年，约等于365.2422日）为一年，一年划分成12个月，它与月亮运动毫无关系。根据阳历日期，可知寒来暑往的四季变化、合理指导农业等事。公历（学名格里高利历）就是阳历的一种。阴历（太阴历）中国农历不属于此类，但生活中人们习惯将农历称之为阴历。以月亮的圆缺周期（即朔望月，等于29.530588日）为一个月，积12个月为一年。它完全不考虑太阳的周年视运动规律，因而阴历的日期不能显示四季冷暖。这种历法实用价值太小，现除伊斯兰教外，已弃置不用了。阴阳历中国的农历属于此类，它取月相的变化周期即朔望月为月的长度，参考太阳回归年为年的长度，通过设置闰月以使平均历年与回归年相适应。根据农历日期，既可知道潮汐涨落，又可大概掌握四季更替。历书记载历法等相关信息的出版物，如黄历、万年历书。而电子历书是科技发展的产物，是新的载体。农历规则的标准化陈述中国科学院紫金山天文台历算组发布1.计算采用北京时间为标准。中国天文年历的实体书与官方网络版(15张)2.太阳和月亮位置的计算依据国际天文学联合会（Internation Astronomical Union）下属的基础天文标准评审委员会（the Standards Of Fundamental Astronomical Reviewing Board）推荐的天体位置归算标准模型。3.朔所在的农历日为农历月首。4.冬至所在的农历月为十一月。5.如果从某个十一月开始到下一个十一月（不含）之间有13个农历月，则取其中最先出现的一个不包含中气的农历月为闰月；6.十一月之后第2个（不计闰月）农历月为农历年的起始月。7.农历年干支的参考时间：对应于北京时间公历1984年2月2日零时起到1985年2月20日零时止的时间间隔的农历年为甲子年。8.农历日干支的参考时间：对应于北京时间公历1984年1月31日的农历日为甲子日。历法补充播报编辑干支纪法干支纪元（岁纪摄提）以北斗七星的运转计算月令，斗柄所指之辰谓之“斗建”（古称北斗斗柄所指为“建”）。如《淮南子·天文训》收录：“帝张四维，运之以斗，月徙一辰，复返其所，正月指寅，十二月指丑，一岁而匝，终而复始”。这里的“斗”指的就是北斗七星的斗柄。斗柄循环旋转，顺时针旋转一圈为一周期，谓之一“岁”（摄提）。“十二月建”是依据“二十四节气”而来的节气月，“十二月建”的划分是以节令为基准，即以立春、惊蛰、清明、立夏、芒种、小暑、立秋、白露、寒露、立冬、大雪、小寒，分别作为寅月（摄提格）、卯月（单阏）、辰月（执徐）、巳月（大荒落）、午月（敦牂）、未月（协洽）、申月（涒滩）、酉月（作噩）、戌月（阉茂）、亥月（大渊献）、子月（困敦）、丑月（赤奋若）之始。干支历以“斗柄回寅”为“春正”（正月）。正月，即建正之月，斗柄回寅为春正，春正所在的月份即正月；建正（正月）是岁纪摄提论十二月建的概念，后经演变亦用来指其它历法的首月。十二月建分别为：正月建寅、二月建卯月、三月建辰…十一月建子、十二月建丑。干支纪月以寅月为正月，斗指寅时阴阳转换，阳气升发，万物更生，寅月是干支历首月。干支纪时以子时为起始，依据太阳运转计算日，太阳新生于子，子时是一日之中首个时辰。1.干支纪年如甲子为第一年，乙丑为第二年，丙寅为第三年……六十年为一周。一周完了，再由甲子年起，周而始，循环下去。天干地支：十天干：甲（jiǎ）、乙（yǐ）、丙（bǐng）、丁（dīng）、戊（wù）、己（jǐ）、庚（gēng）、辛（xīn）、壬（rén）、癸（guǐ）；十二地支：子（zǐ）、丑（chǒu）、寅（yín）、卯（mǎo）、辰（chén）、巳（sì）、午（wǔ）、未（wèi）、申（shēn）、酉（yǒu）、戌（xū）、亥（hài）（注：十二地支对应十二生肖——子：鼠；丑：牛；寅：虎；卯：兔；辰：龙；巳：蛇；午：马；未：羊；申：猴；酉：鸡；戌：狗；亥：猪。）。十干和十二支依次相配，组成六十个基本单位，古人以此作为年、月、日、时的序号，叫“干支纪法”。2.干支纪月起于十二辰纪月，因此须先确定地支：以寅月为正月，以此类推。遇到闰月则采用上个月份的地支。确定地支后，下来确定天干：若遇甲或己的年份，正月是丙寅，二月是丁卯，三月是戊辰，类推；遇上乙或庚之年，正月为戊寅；丙或辛之年正月为庚寅，丁或壬之年正月为壬寅，戊或癸之年正月为甲寅。正月之干支知道了，其余月可按六十甲子的序推知。干支纪月以朔日（即数字纪月每月的初一日）作为起点，遇闰月则与上月用同一干支纪月，历代官方采用这种纪月法。明万历五年大统历日 [14]3.干支纪日甲子第一日，乙丑为第二日，丙寅为第三日……60日为一周。一周完了再由甲子日起，周而复始，循环下去例如农历壬辰年（西元2012年）正月初一日是癸未日，初二日是甲申日……到三月初一正好是60天，因此三月初二又是癸未日，初三又为甲申日。汉历中，干支纪日一直未中断未乱记，是中国纪日史也是世界纪日史中最长的一种纪日历史。有明确记载的日期，就可达2700多年。4.干支纪时关于干支纪年问题一脉相承的明清历书(18张)一天中时辰的地支也是确定的，所以二十四小时配十二地支，则为由夜间十一点至一点为子时，一点至三点为丑时，其余照推。时的天由该日所对天干推求，其歌戾如下：甲己还生甲，乙庚丙作初，丙辛从戊起，丁壬庚子居，戊癸何方发，壬子是真途。即若该日是甲或己的，在子时上配上甲为甲子；日是乙或庚的，在子时上配上丙为丙子；丙辛日子时配上戊为戊子；丁壬日为庚子；戊癸日为壬子。知道了子时的干支，便可推知其余。 [15]二十四节气节气划分二十四节气是中国历法中表示自然节律变化以及确立“十二月建”的特定节令，能准确反映自然节律变化，蕴含着悠久的文化内涵和历史积淀。 [21]二十四节气最初是依据斗转星移制定，北斗七星循环旋转，斗柄顺时针旋转一圈为一周期，谓之一“岁”。现行确立二十四节气依据“太阳周年视运动”，也就是太阳黄经度数。两种确立方法虽然不同，但造成斗转星移的原因则是地球绕太阳公转，因此两者交节时间基本一致。 [20]在历史发展中廿四节气被列入农历，成为农历的一个重要部分。农历的月份和十二中气是基本对应的，而十二节令可出现在农历的上个月后半月和这个月的上半月中。“二十四节气”是中华民族悠久历史文化的重要组成部分，凝聚着中华文明的历史文化精华。 [16-17]太阳从黄经零度起，沿黄经每运行15度所经历的时日称为一个节气。每年运行360度，共经历24个节气。十二节令：立春、惊蛰、清明、立夏、芒种、小暑、立秋、白露、寒露、立冬、大雪、小寒。十二中气：雨水、春分、谷雨、小满、夏至、大暑、处暑、秋分、霜降、小雪、冬至、大寒。“节”和“气”交替出现，各历时15天左右，两者统称为“节气”。农历二十四节气反映了太阳的周年视运动，属于农历不可分割的一部分。公历属于一种太阳历，因为描述同一个太阳视运动的缘故，所以看上去节气日期在公历上基本固定，最多前后波动一两日。但是农历二十四节气是农历不可分割的一部分，不属于公历而属于农历。节气歌春雨惊春清谷天，夏满芒夏暑相连，秋处露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。每月两节不变更，最多相差一两天。上半年来六、廿一，下半年来八、廿三。节气表（按公元年月日计算）春季立春2月3—5日交节雨水2月18—20日交节惊蛰3月5—7日交节春分3月20—22日交节清明4月4—6日交节谷雨4月19—21日交节夏季立夏5月5—7日交节小满5月20—22日交节芒种6月5—7日交节夏至6月21—22日交节小暑7月6—8日交节大暑7月22—24日交节秋季立秋8月7—9日交节处暑8月22—24日交节白露9月7—9日交节秋分9月22—24日交节寒露10月8—9日交节霜降10月23—24日交节冬季立冬11月7—8日交节小雪11月22—23日交节大雪12月6—8日交节冬至12月21—23日交节小寒1月5—7日交节大寒1月20—21日交节 [19]释义立春正月节：立是开始的意思，立春就是春季的开始。立春与立夏、立秋、立冬一样，反映着季节的更替，立春标示着万物闭藏的冬季已过去，开始进入风和日暖、万物生长的春季。干支纪元，以立春为岁首，立春乃万物起始、一切更生之义也，意味着新的一个轮回已开启。雨水正月中：雨水节气标示着降雨开始，适宜的降水对农作物的生长很重要。时至雨水节气，太阳的直射点也由南半球逐渐向赤道靠近了，这时的北半球，日照时数和强度都在增加，气温回升较快，来自海洋的暖湿空气开始活跃，并渐渐向北挺进与冷空气相遇，形成降雨，但降雨量级多以小雨或毛毛细雨为主。雨水节气，中国北方阴寒未尽，一些地方仍下雪，尚未有春天气息；南方大多数地方则是春意盎然，一幅早春的景象。惊蛰二月节：惊蛰反映的是自然生物受节律变化影响而出现萌发生长的现象。时至惊蛰，阳气上升、气温回暖、春雷乍动、雨水增多，万物生机盎然。农耕生产与大自然的节律息息相关，惊蛰节气在农耕上有着相当重要的意义，自古以来中国人民很重视惊蛰这个节气，把它视为春耕开始的节令。它是古代农耕文化对于自然节令的反映。春分二月中：春分古时又称为“日中”、“日夜分”、“仲春之月”、“升分”等。春分的意义，一是指一天时间白天黑夜平分，各为12小时；二是春分正当春季（立春至立夏）三个月之中，平分了春季。春分在天文学上有重要意义，南北半球昼夜平分，自这天以后太阳直射位置继续由赤道向北半球推移，北半球各地白昼开始长于黑夜。春分在气候上也有比较明显的特征，这时节天气暖和、雨水充沛、阳光明媚。清明三月节：清明是反映自然界物候变化的节气，这个时节阳光明媚、草木萌动、气清景明、万物皆显，自然界呈现生机勃勃的景象。时至清明，在中国南方地区已气候清爽温暖、大地呈现春和景明之象；在北方地区也开始断雪，渐渐进入阳光明媚的春天。谷雨三月中：谷雨是“雨生百谷”的意思，此时降水明显增加，田中的秧苗初插、作物新种，最需要雨水的滋润，正所谓“春雨贵如油”。降雨量充足而及时，谷类作物能茁壮成长。谷雨与雨水、小满、小雪、大雪等节气一样，都是反映降水现象的节气，是古代农耕文化对于节令的反映。立夏四月节：立夏表示告别春天，是夏天的开始。立夏后，日照增加，逐渐升温，雷雨增多，农作物进入了茁壮成长阶段。历书：“斗指东南维，为立夏，万物至此皆长大，故名立夏也。”小满四月中：小满节气意味着进入了大幅降水的雨季，雨水开始增多，往往会出现持续大范围的强降水。小满和雨水、谷雨、小雪、大雪等一样，都是直接反映降水的节气。小满反映了降雨量大的气候特征：“小满小满，江河渐满”。这时节北方地区还没进入雨季，另有解释是指北方麦类等夏熟作物的籽粒开始灌浆，只是小满，还未完全饱满。芒种五月节：芒种是“有芒之谷类作物可种”的意思。农历书说：“斗指巳为芒种，此时可种有芒之谷，过此即失效，故名芒种也。”意思是讲，芒种节气适合种植有芒的谷类作物；其也是种植农作物时机的分界点，过此即失效。民谚“芒种不种，再种无用”讲的就是这个道理。这个时节气温显著升高、雨量充沛、空气湿度大，适宜晚稻等谷类作物种植。农事耕种以“芒种”这节气为界，过此之后种植成活率就越来越低。它是古代农耕文化对于节令的反映。夏至五月中：夏至是太阳北行的极致，这天太阳光直射北回归线，此后太阳直射点南移。夏至这天北半球北回归线以北各地的正午太阳高度最高，白昼时间达到全年最长，夏至过后太阳高度逐日降低。但对于北半球北回归线以南各地来说，夏至过后，太阳光照仍在增强。小暑六月节：暑，是炎热的意思，小暑为小热，还不十分热。意指天气开始炎热，但还没到最热。小暑虽不是一年中最炎热的季节，但紧接着就是一年中最热的节气大暑，民间有“小暑大暑，上蒸下煮”之说。中国多地自小暑起进入雷暴最多的时节。大暑六月中：大暑，指炎热之极。大暑相对小暑，更加炎热，是一年中日照最多、最炎热的节气，“湿热交蒸”在此时到达顶点。大暑气候特征：高温酷热，雷暴、台风频繁。这个时节阳光猛烈、高温潮湿多雨，虽不免有湿热难熬之苦，却十分有利于农作物成长，农作物在此期间成长最快立秋七月节：立秋，表示自此进入了秋季。它是是阳气渐收、阴气渐长，由阳盛逐渐转变为阴盛的节点。立秋也意味着降水、湿度等，处于一年中的转折点，趋于下降或减少；在自然界，万物开始从繁茂成长趋向萧索成熟。处暑七月中：处暑，即为“出暑”，是炎热离开的意思。时至处暑，太阳直射点继续南移、太阳辐射减弱，副热带高压也向南撤退，气温逐渐下降，暑气渐消。处暑意味着酷热难熬的天气到了尾声，这期间天气虽仍热，但已是呈下降趋势。白露八月节：白露是反映自然界寒气增长的重要节气。由于天气逐渐转凉，白昼有阳光尚热，但太阳一落山气温便很快下降，昼夜温差拉大。时至白露，夏季风逐渐为冬季风所代替，冷空气转守为攻，加上太阳直射点南移，北半球日照时间变短，光照强度减弱，地面辐射散热快，所以温度下降速度也逐渐加快。白露基本结束了暑天的闷热，天气渐渐转凉。秋分八月中：秋分，“分”即为“平分”、“半”的意思，秋分这天太阳光几乎直射地球赤道，全球各地昼夜等长。秋分过后，太阳直射点继续由赤道向南半球推移，北半球各地开始昼短夜长，即一天之内白昼开始短于黑夜；南半球相反。秋分后太阳直射的位置移至南半球，北半球得到的太阳辐射越来越少，地面散失的热量却较多，气温降低的速度明显加快。时至秋分，暑热已消，天气转凉，暑凉相分。寒露九月节：寒露是一个反映气候变化特征的节气。进入寒露，时有冷空气南下，昼夜温差较大，并且秋燥明显。寒露以后，北方冷空气已有一定势力，中国大部分地区在冷高压控制之下，雨季结束。霜降九月中：霜降节气反映的是气温骤降、昼夜温差变化大、秋燥明显的气候特征。霜降节气特点是早晚天气较冷、中午则比较热，昼夜温差大。就全国平均而言，霜降是一年之中昼夜温差最大的时节。由于“霜”是天冷、昼夜温差变化大的表现，故以“霜降”命名这个表示“气温骤降、昼夜温差大”的时节。霜降节气后，深秋景象明显，冷空气南下越来越频繁。立冬十月节：立冬是季节类节气，表示自此进入了冬季。立，建始也；冬，终也，万物收藏也。立冬，意味着生气开始闭蓄，万物进入休养、收藏状态。其气候也由秋季少雨干燥渐渐向阴雨寒冻的冬季气候转变。立冬后日照时间将继续缩短，正午太阳高度继续降低。冬季普通盛行东北风和北风，气温逐渐下降，由于地表贮存的热量还有一定的能量，所以一般初冬时期还不是很冷。小雪十月中：小雪是反映降水与气温的节气，它是寒潮和强冷空气活动频数较高的节气。小雪节气的到来，意味着天气会越来越冷、降水量渐增。“雪”是水汽遇冷的产物，代表寒冷与降水，这时节的气候寒未深且降水未大，故用“小雪”来比喻这时节的气候特征。“小雪”是个比喻，反映的是这个节气期间寒流活跃、降水渐增，不是表示这个节气下很小量的雪。大雪十一月节：大雪节气与小雪节气一样，是反映气温与降水变化趋势的节气，它是古代农耕文化对于节令的反映。大雪是反映气候特征的一个节气，大雪节气的特点是气温显著下降、降水量增多。冬至十一月中：冬至是反映太阳光直射运动的节气，冬至这天太阳南行到极致，太阳光直射南回归线，是北半球一年中白天时间最短、黑夜时间最长的一天，自这天起太阳直射点往北回返，北半球各地（中国位于北半球）太阳高度逐渐升高，白昼逐日增长。冬至是"日行南至、往北复返"的转折点，对于北半球各地来说，太阳高度自此回升，太阳光逐渐增强。小寒十二月节：小寒是天气寒冷但还没有到极点的意思。冬至之后，冷空气频繁南下，气温持续降低，温度在一年的小寒、大寒之际降到最低。民谚：“小寒时处二三九，天寒地冻冷到抖”，这说明了小寒节气的寒冷程度。小寒时节，太阳直射点还在南半球，北半球的热量还处于散失的状态，白天吸收的热量还是少于夜晚释放的热量，因此北半球的气温还在持续降低。大寒十二月中：大寒同小寒一样，也是表示天气寒冷程度的节气，大寒是天气寒冷到极致的意思。根据中国长期以来的气象记录，在北方地区大寒节气是没有小寒冷的；但对于南方大部地区来说，是在大寒节气最冷。历史渊源播报编辑发展简史从上古的干支纪元到清朝末期启用西历（格里历），历史多次修订历法，中国历史上一共产生超过102部历法，这些历法对中国文化与文明产生过重大影响，比如干支历（摄提）、夏历、商历（殷历）、周历、西汉太初历、三统历和隋朝的皇极历、唐朝大衍历等，有的历法虽然没有正式使用过，但对养生、医学、思想学术、天文、数学等有所作用。 [1] [5-6]古人观察到了天象的运动规律，上古时代已采用干支纪元，据明代史学家万民英根据中国古文献明文记载确定干支为天皇氏时发明，在其著作《三命通会》中有详细记载。干支的发明标志着最原始的历法出现，配合数字用来计算年岁。先秦时期，各地还有自己的历法。秦与汉初时期使用秦历，闰月放在九月之后，叫做“后九月”。到了汉武帝太初元年，又把闰月安置在一年中不包含中气的月份来作为前一个月的闰月。汉武帝开始中国历法出现了大转折，全国统一历法，历法也成为了一门较为独立的科学技术。汉武帝责成邓平、唐都、落下闳等人议造《汉历》，汉武帝元封七年历成。是年五月改年号为太初（即为太初元年），并颁布实施这套《汉历》，后人以此称呼此历为《太初历》，之后刘歆作《三统历》，这两历的重要特点是年岁合一，一年的整数天数是365天，不再是之前历法的366天。以“加差法”替代之前的“减差法”以调整时差，年岁周期起始相当固定，用数学计算就能确定闰月。 [6-7]中华民国成立，采用西历，纪年采用西历或民国纪年并用，并欲废除中国传统历。中华人民共和国在1949年成立时，继续使用西历，以公元纪年；但保留中国传统历——夏历的使用，并于公元2017年颁布了国家标准《农历的编算和颁行》。1970年以后“夏历”改称为“农历”。现行农历由中国科学院紫金山天文台负责计算，属于官方历书《中国天文年历》的组成部分。 [8-9]历代历法干支历-摄提纪（天皇氏时代-?） [5]古六历（《黄帝历》、《夏历》、《殷历》、《周历》、《鲁历》、《颛顼历》）（? - 公元前104年）太初历（三统历） - 西汉、新朝、东汉（公元前104年- 84年）四分历- 东汉（85年- 220年）、曹魏（220年- 236年）、东吴（222年）、蜀汉（221年- 263年）干象历 - 东吴（223年- 280年）景初历- 曹魏、西晋、东晋、刘宋（237年- 444年）、北魏（398年- 451年）元嘉历- 刘宋、南齐、南梁（445年- 509年）大明历- 南梁、南陈（510年- 589年）三纪历 - 后秦（384年- 517年）玄始历- 北梁（412年- 439年）、北魏（452年- 522年）正光历- 北魏（523年- 534年）、东魏（535年- 539年）、西魏（535年- 556年）、北周（556年- 565年）兴和历- 东魏（540年- 550年）天保历 - 北齐（551年- 577年）天和历 - 北周（566年- 578年）大象历 - 北周（579年- 581年）、隋朝（581年- 583年）开皇历- 隋（584年- 596年）大业历 - 隋（597年- 618年）皇极历戊寅元历- 唐朝（619年- 664年）麟德历- 唐（665年- 728年）'大衍历- 唐（729年- 761年）五纪历 - 唐（762年- 783年）正元历- 唐（784年- 806年）观象历- 唐（807年- 821年）宣明历- 唐（822年- 892年）崇玄历- 唐（893年- 907年）、后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周（908年- 955年）九执历符天历调元历- 后晋（939年- 943年?）、辽朝（961年? - 993年）大明历- 辽（994年- 1125年）钦天历- 后周（956年- 960年）、北宋（960年- 963年）应天历- 北宋（963年- 981年）干元历 - 北宋（981年- 1001年）仪天历 - 北宋（1001年- 1023年）崇天历 - 北宋（1024年- 1065年;1068年- 1075年）明天历- 北宋（1065年- 1068年）奉元历- 北宋（1075年- 1093年）观天历 - 北宋（1094年- 1102年）占天历 - 北宋（1103年- 1105年）纪元历 - 北宋、南宋（1106年- 1135年）统元历- 南宋（1136年- 1167年）干道历 - 南宋（1168年- 1176年）淳熙历 - 南宋（1177年- 1190年）会元历 - 南宋（1191年- 1198年）统天历- 南宋（1199年- 1207年）开禧历 -南宋（1208年- 1251年）淳佑历 - 南宋（1252年）会天历 - 南宋（1253年- 1270年）成天历 - 南宋（1271年- 1276年）大明历- 金朝（1137年- 1181年）重修大明历- 金、元朝（1182年- 1280年）授时历（大统历）-元、明朝（1281年- 1644年）时宪历- 清朝（1645年- 1723年）癸卯元历-清朝- 中华民国（1724年- 1913年）新法天文夏历 - 中华民国（1914年- 1928年）紫金历 - 中华民国、中华人民共和国（1929年- 至今）历法建正以北斗星斗柄所指方位作为确定月份的标准，称为斗建（亦称月建）。北斗星循环旋转，斗柄从正东偏北（寅位，后天八卦艮位）开始，顺时针旋转一圈，岁末十二月指丑方，次岁正月又复还寅位，斗柄旋转一圈为一周期，谓之一“岁”（摄提）。“建正”是干支历的概念，斗柄指寅为“春正”（正月），正月建寅、二月建卯、三月建辰…十一月建子、十二月建丑等。"建正”概念也用到其它历法上，如西汉马马迁的作品《史记·历书》中有“夏正”、"殷正”、"周正"之分。《史记·历书》说：“夏正以正月，殷正以十二月，周正以十一月。”这是指夏元朔是阴历正月初一，殷商元朔是阴历十二月初一，周元朔是阴历十一月初一。正确来讲“月建”是指干支历的“十二月建”（或“十二月令”）。“十二月建”是依据二十四节气而来的节气月，属阳历月，不同于阴历月（朔望，分为初一十五等），配十二地支，如建子、建丑、建寅等等。阴历（夏历）所对应干支历的十二支配月建，是指：一月对应寅、二月对应卯、三月对应辰、四月对应巳、五月对应午、六月对应未、七月对应申、八月对应酉、九月对应戌、十月对应亥、十一月对应子、十二月对应丑，它们分属不同的历法，是对应关系，并不是阴历也建寅卯辰…子丑之类。这便是所谓“夏正建寅、殷正建丑、周正建子”说法的由来。 [10-12]其它相关播报编辑闰月概览在1645年以前，农历使用平气注历，各月之后出现闰月的概率相等。之后使用定气注历，各月出现闰月的概率变为不相等。以下是1645年至2644年一千年间各闰月的统计。公元1645-2644年间各闰月出现次数统计表：公元1645-2644年间各闰月出现次数统计表闰月月份出现次数闰正月6次闰二月 23次闰三月47次闰四月61次闰五月74次闰六月 59次闰七月 51次闰八月 26次闰九月 8次闰十月 9次闰冬月5次闰腊月0次由上可见，夏半年闰月多，冬半年闰月少，原因就是地球远日点出现在7月初（夏至到小暑之间），近日点出现在1月初（冬至到小寒之间），所以夏季地球公转速度较慢，出现无中气月的概率就要大一些。但由于近日点和远日点是不停移动的，因此在假定未来置闰规则不变的前提下，远期的农历各闰月出现频率会不同。另有计算表明，2262年将会再次出现闰正月，3358年将会再次出现闰腊月（闰腊月初一日对应公元3359年1月21日，这个历月只有“立春”节气）。以下是2000~7999年共六千年间各闰月数量的统计。2000~7999年共六千年间各闰月数量的统计表闰月月份出现次数闰正月32次闰二月41次闰三月101次闰四月196次闰五月289次闰六月367次闰七月351次闰八月316次闰九月231次闰十月 150次闰冬月97次闰腊月 39次月份别称农历的第一个月，按照习惯称为正月。农历的十一月和十二月分别称为冬月和腊月，但冬月已经很少用了。表示气候寒冷的成语“寒冬腊月”就是从此得来，字面意思即为十月、十一月和十二月为一年中最寒冷的月份。农历的一个月的前十天按顺序习惯上称为初日，如正月的第二天称为正月初二日；第十一天至第二十天以及第三十天直接用天数，如正月的第十五天（元宵节）即称为正月十五日；第二十一天至第二十九天按顺序习惯上称为廿日，亦有些通胜将之说成念日，如正月的第二十二天称为正月廿二日或正月念二日。农历的每个月份都有不同的别称。由于它和农业生产紧密的联系，所以从二月到九月差不多都用植物来表示，下面是农历十二个月的别称：正月：端月、元月、隅月、始春、孟春、首阳二月：杏月、花月、如月、仲春、绀香三月：桃月、桐月、莺时、阳春、暮春、季春四月：阴月、梅月、余月、清和、槐序、孟夏五月：榴月、毒月、蒲月、仲夏、天中、郁蒸六月：荷月、荔月、林钟、伏月、溽暑、季夏七月：兰月、巧月、瓜月、相月、孟秋、首秋八月：桂月、壮月、仲秋、南宫、仲商九月：菊月、玄月、季秋、晚秋、暮商十月：良月、阳月、子春、孟冬十一月：冬月、葭月、辜月、仲冬十二月：腊月、涂月、嘉平、季冬、冰月注：正月不是别称，而是农历第一个月的正式名称。以花命名的农历各月份的诗意别称：正月－－柳月，银柳插瓶头，又称柳月；二月－－杏月，杏花闹枝头，又称杏月；三月－－桃月，桃花粉面羞，又称桃月；四月－－槐月，槐花挂满枝，又称槐月；五月－－榴月，石榴红似火，又称榴月；六月－－荷月，荷花满池放，又称荷月；七月－－巧月，凤仙节节开，又称巧月；八月－－桂月，桂花遍地香，又称桂月；九月－－菊月，菊花傲霜雪，又称菊月；十月－－阳月，芙蓉显小阳，又称阳月；十一月－－葭月，葭草吐绿头，又称葭月；十二月－－腊月，腊梅吐幽香，又称腊月。此外，农历月份还有其它许许多多的别称。农历的优点1.农历属于阴阳合历，是兼顾了太阳、月亮与地球关系的一种历法。农历是定历，它具有天文年历的特性，能很好地和各种天象对应，如它的节气严格对应太阳高度，历日较严格地对应月相，闰月的不发生频率和发生频率对应地球近日点和远日点，其它天象如日出日没，晨昏蒙影，五星方位，日月食，潮汐等，就连历月也大致对应太阳高度；2.农历历月的天数只有29日和30日两种，且由定朔日规定，人为因素较小，不易随意改动；3.岁首有较强的天文学意义，具有阴月阳年的天文学意义；4.阴阳合历，最体现汉民族天人合一、阴阳和谐的传统文化； [18]5.干支纪年和十二生肖纪年循环使用；由于它包含节气十分利于四季划分，由于它包含月相，所以也十分反映潮汐，日月食等天象和月亮对气候的影响。名称对比公历标准名称为格里高利历（Gregorian calendar），以改制此历者格列高里十三世而得名，其取365.2425日为一回归年长度，与中国古代的《授时历》精度一致。现因全球基本通用，公用之历法，故称“公历”。传入中国后，民国开始与传统历法夏历并用，故民间又出现多种别称以区分二者。对比如下：公历别称及其原因农历别称及其原因公历：全球基本通用之历农历：反应农时之历（科学性更强）西历：源于西方国家华历：中国固有历法；汉历：汉族历法。阳历：类型属阳历（太阳历），国内现用最主要的一种阳历，故以阳历称之阴历：民间误称，农历本属阴阳合历，只是农历日期基本对应月圆月缺，阴历性质显而易见，因历史原因错误称呼之新历：新采用的历法旧历：原有的旧历法；老历：类似旧历国历：民国开始采用，现台湾沿用此名夏历：一说始于夏朝历法，一说同夏正建寅（岁首为一月一日）问题解答明嘉靖三年大统历日下坊间偶有疑问说这年没有“大年三十”，那年又有“大年三十”，这是为何？另有人言其“大尽”与“小尽”之不同所致。其实农历每年的大小月都是不同的，农历规定每月初一日必定是天文学上准确的日月合朔之日。所以计算农历的大小月又称作定朔。农历的每月初一日称作朔日，每月的最后一天则称作晦日（这里的晦指无月而晦暗无光之意，无关吉凶）所以农历一年的最后一天称作大晦日、年除日（除日晚上就称作除夕）准确来说除夕是农历每年十二月晦日，日期每年都是固定一致的。这样说来，有人或许会问了，除夕有时是农历十二月廿九日有时是十二月三十日，怎么能说是固定的？明明不固定的！其实道理是这样的，不管除夕是在农历十二月廿九日还是三十日，那天都是农历十二月晦日，所以真的是固定的。至于说“大年三十”只是民间的一种俗称，而不是正式的称呼。因为农历大月是三十天，，则除夕正是十二月三十日，所以用那个俗称可以毫无歧义的表明是农历十二月的最后一天。但是当农历某年十二月正好是小月时，则十二月廿九日就是除夕日，大年三十就会“缺席”。俗称中依旧可作“大年三十”这都是没有什么大碍的。但是呼吁使用除夕、除日、岁除这类称呼，因为可以有效的避免一些误区。 [24]至于如果说某年农历十二月恰为小月，而将十二月廿九日称作“大年三十”反推将农历十二月廿八日称作“大年二十九”这种做法和称呼严格来说是并不恰当的，应该予以纠正和避免。因为农历是一种很完善实用的历法，使用农历时就是使用农历的日期为准的。所以如果某年农历十二月恰逢小月，十二月廿八日可以称作“腊月廿八”下一天仍旧是“腊月廿九”并且是除夕之日。这样的用法才是正确使用农历的方法。如果可以注意一下这些微小的细节也会比较有利于中华传统文化的传承和延续。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号京公网安备110000020000

Chinese Calendar 2024: Convert Gregorian Date to Lunar Date

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Chinese Culture

Chinese Calendar 2024

Written by Mike HoUpdated Nov. 23, 2023

The Chinese calendar has 12 or 13 lunar months per year, and is about 20 to 50 days behind the Gregorian calendar. It's used to determine the dates of traditional Chinese festivals, like Chinese New Year and Mid-Autumn. It's also used for Chinese zodiac astrology, and many Chinese still celebrate their Chinese calendar birthdays.

Content Preview

What is Chinese Lunar Calendar

Convert Gregorian Calendar Dates to Chinese Calendar Dates

How People Use Chinese Calendar

The History of the Chinese Lunar Calendar

What is Chinese Lunar Calendar and How it Works?

The Chinese calendar is also called the lunar calendar, yin calendar or Xia calendar in China. The Chinese calendar is based on the orbits of the moon and earth. When the moon moves into a line with the earth and the sun, it comes the first day of the lunar month. When the moon is full, it comes the middle of the month. So there are 29 or 30 days in a month. There are 12 or 13 months in a lunar year. For 12 months, there will be 354 or 355 days in a year. To compensate the other 10 days with the Gregorian calendar, there is a leap month for about 2 or 3 lunar years.

In ancient China, the Chinese calendar was used to choose the dates for farming, weddings, and building and moving into new houses. Nowadays, most Chinese people use the Gregorian calendar for their daily life arrangements. But most Chinese still care about lunar dates because traditional festivals are based on the lunar calendar.

Chinese Calendar

Chinese Calendar Days

Ancient Chinese people used the 12 heavenly systems and 10 earthly branches to name each hour of a day. The Western hour-minute-second system was brought into China in the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). On a Chinese calendar, all dates use a regular two characters.

Days 1 to 10 of a month are written with Chinese number characters and preceded by the Chinese character 初 (chu, which means 'beginning' or 'first'). For example, the 10th of the month is 初十.

Days 11 to 20 are written as regular two-character Chinese numerals. For example, 十五 (shiwu) is the 15th day of the month, and 二十 (ershi) is the 20th.

Days 21 to 29 are written with the character 廿 (nian, which means '20') preceding the characters 'one' through 'nine'. For example, 廿三 (niansan) is the 23rd day of the month. Day 30 is written as 30 usually is in Chinese: 三十 (sanshi).

Chinese Calendar Months

The length of a Chinese calendar month is not fixed from year to year. There are 29 days in a short month, which is also called a 'small month' in Chinese, while there are 30 days in a long month, called a 'big month'. In this way, a 12-month lunar year (with six 29-day months and six 30-day months) has only 354 days.

To keep the lunar calendar in synch with solar cycles (which thereby compensates for lost days compared to the Gregorian calendar), there is a leap month every two or three lunar years.

Leap Months - When Chinese Add a 13th Month

As a lunar month is on average 0.92 days shorter than a "solar month", the lunar calendar is just under a day per month slower than the solar calendar.

To prevent the lunar calendar from becoming more than half a month of sync with the solar calendar, an extra "leap month" is added in the Chinese calendar every 32 or 33 months. So every second or third Chinese calendar year has 13 months and 383–385 days.

The last Chinese calendar leap month was the second lunar month 2 in 2023.

The next leap month will be in 2025, when the sixth lunar month will be observed.

Names of Chinese Lunar Months

Ancient Chinese people named each lunar month according to what they or nature traditionally did in that month. See below.

Month

Chinese

English

Explanation

正月(Zhēngyuè)

Start Month

It starts the year.

杏月(Xìngyuè)

Apricot Month

Apricot trees blossom.

桃月(Táoyuè)

Peach Month

Peach trees blossom.

槐月(Huáiyuè)

Locust Tree Month

Locust trees blossom.

蒲月(Púyuè)

Sweet Sedge Month

Lunar month 5 day 5 is the Dragon Boat Festival

荷月(Héyuè)

Lotus Month

Lotus flowers bloom.

巧月(Qiǎoyuè)

Skill Month

On lunar month 7 day 7, Chinese Valentine's Day

桂月(Guìyuè)

Osmanthus Month

Osmanthus flowers bloom.

菊月(Júyuè)

Chrysanthemum Month

Chrysanthemum flowers bloom.

阳月(Yángyuè)

Yang Month

The Taoist yang force is believed to be strong this month.

冬月(Dōngyuè)

Winter Month

The winter solstice is in this month.

腊月(Làyuè)

Preserved Month

Chinese preserve meats ready for Spring Festival

Chinese Calendar VS Gregorian Calendar (Convert Chinese - English Date)

A Chinese calendar is based on the movement of the moon. When the moon moves into a line with the earth and the sun, the new lunar month begins. When the moon is full, it is the middle of the month. The circle is about 29 days. The lunar month has 29 or 30 days for a month. Gregorian calendar is calculated by the movement of sun, which has 30 or 31 days for a month. There is 21 to 51 days behind the corresponding Gregorian calendar date (intercalary months excepted).

Gregorian - Chinese Calendar Converter

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Gregorian date:

Chinese lunar calendar date:

Chinese zodiac sign:

How People Use Chinese Calendar

Chinese people use the lunar calendar to define the Chinese traditional festivals, 24 solar terms and choose a lucky day for wedding, building or moving into new house and so on.

Traditional Chinese Festivals

Festivals are important to Chinese people. All traditional Chinese festivals are based on the lunar calendar. The Spring Festival is on the first day of the lunar year and the Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of the fifth month. Mid-Autumn Festival is on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. Qixi Festival ('Double-Seventh' or "Chinese Valentine's Day") is on day 7 of lunar month 7.

If you want to know the date of a traditional Chinese Festival, then you must know its lunar calendar date before looking it up for a particular year.

Chinese Zodiac Animals

The Chinese zodiac year is (popularly) based on the lunar calendar. A zodiac year is from the first day to the last day of a lunar year, starting/ending at some point in January/February of the Gregorian calendar. For example, 2024 will be the year of Dragon, which is from Feb. 10, 2024 to Jan. 28, 2025.

There are twelve animals in the Chinese zodiac: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig. The twelve animals are always in this order in the cycle and each one represents a year. If you want to find out your zodiac animal, then check your birthday according to a Chinese calendar, especially if you were born in January/Febraury.

Chinese zodiac years

Chinese Gender Prediction

In ancient China, the royal family used the Chinese gender calendar to predict the gender of their babies in order to give birth to more boys, keep power, and preserve the family succession.

Many Chinese parents have used the same methods to predict their babies' genders by a calculation using the woman's birth date and her baby's due date according to the lunar calendar. Her lunar age when she got pregnant and the lunar date of conception yield a prediction as to whether the baby will be a boy or a girl.

Nowadays, most Chinese parents do not use this method as they don't care too much about the gender of the babies (and some doubt whether it works).

Auspicious Days, Months, and Years in China

Chinese people use the lunar calendar to choose a good date for important events such as weddings or commencement of building a house. Some dates on a Chinese calendar are considered not good for weddings or moving house, while there are other days that are recommended for doing certain things.

The 3rd and 17th days of each lunar month are considered unlucky days.

Auspicious days are chosen by some fortunetellers, particularly in countryside areas of China. When choosing the date for getting married, the bride and groom each submit their time, date, month, and year of birth to a fortune teller who calculates the best date for getting married. This is called the matching of astrological birth data known as 生辰八字 (shengchenbazi).

Chinese wedding date is based on lunar date

In ancient China, it is said that a leap eighth month is an unlucky month. Many Chinese think that bad things are likely to occur in a leap eighth month. So, a year with an extra eighth month was considered an unlucky year for many Chinese. But this is just a superstition, not a practical consideration for most modern Chinese people.

The 24 Solar Terms

In the traditional Chinese solar calendar (called the yang calendar), a year was divided into 24 parts, each of 15 or 16 days, called the 24 solar terms, which were defined by the sun's position relative to the earth.

In ancient China, people used the 24 solar terms to define the four seasons and determine the right time to grow crops and harvest them. For example, the first solar term is called Li Chun, which means 'Beginning of Spring'. It is the time for planting rice in south China. Read more on The 24 Solar Terms.

Naming the Years and the 60-Year Cycle

Chinese use the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches to name the years.

The 10 Heavenly Stems are 甲 (Jia), 乙 (Yi), 丙 (Bing), 丁 (Ding), 戊 (Wu), 己 (Ji), 庚 (Geng), 辛 (Xin), 壬 (Ren), and 癸 (Gui).

The 12 Earthly Branches are 子 (Zi), 丑 (Chou), 寅 (Yin), 卯 (Mao), 辰 (Chen), 巳 (Si), 午 (Wu), 未 (Wei), 申 (Shen), 酉 (You), 戌 (Xu), and 亥 (Hai).

For example, the year 2021 is called 辛丑 (Xin Chou — Stem 8 Branch 2) and the year 2022 is called 壬寅 (Ren Yin — Stem 9 Branch 3).

When a new lunar year comes, the heavenly stem and earthly branch each move on to the next one and combine to form the year's name — always an odd (yang) stem with an odd (yang) branch or even (yin) stem with even (yin) branch. And so, the 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches combine in a 60-year cycle (the 30 yang combinations interposed with the 30 yin combinations).

Chinese zodiac times

The Five Elements

In ancient China, people believed that all things in the world were composed of five elements, which were called Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. Each element was associated with a 12-year zodiac cycle, producing another 60-year cycle to parallel the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches year system.

Many Chinese use their birth date to find out the element they belong to as well as their zodiac sign to predict their luck in marriage, career development, or business success. See more on Five Elements Theory.

The History of the Chinese Lunar Calendar

Existing possibly for 4,000 years in some form, the uncertain early history of the Chinese lunar calendar can be traced back to questionable Zhou Dynasty writings about the Xia Dynasty (21st century BC – 16th century BC). So, the Chinese calendar is also called the Xia calendar.

However, the Chinese lunar calendar was not definitely known to have been developed until the Spring and Autumn Period (771–476) of the Zhou era, whose preserved Confucian classics recorded its use.

The succeeding dynasties continued to use the lunar calendar and made some small changes from time to time. The lunar calendar was called the Taichu calendar during Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) and Huangji Calendar in Tang Dynasty (618–907). Other Asian countries with cultural links to China, such as the Koreas, Vietnam, and Japan used the Huangji Calendar of the Tang Dynasty until modern times.

Your China Tour and the Chinese Calendar

The Chinese calendar affects festivals, and hence the busiest times for travel in China. These are times to avoid traveling in China unless you want to take part in the festivities.

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The Chinese Calendar

Chinese Calendar

Home Calendar Chinese CalendarThe Chinese CalendarBy Vigdis HockenChina and many Chinese communities around the world use the Chinese calendar for traditional purposes.Chinese lions dance to the firecrackers in Chinatown of Washington D.C. for the annual Chinese New Year celebration.©iStockphoto.com/Coast-to-CoastThe Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar that is used to determine important festival dates, such as Lunar New Year.Lunisolar CalendarThe Chinese calendar is lunisolar. It is based on exact astronomical observations of the Sun's longitude and the Moon's phases. It attempts to have its years coincide with the tropical year and shares some similarities with the Jewish calendar.In both these calendars, a common year has 12 months and a leap year has 13 months; and an ordinary year has 353–355 days while a leap year has 383–385 days.In Modern SocietyAlthough the Chinese calendar originated in China, these days, the Gregorian calendar is used for civil purposes. However, the Chinese calendar is still observed among various Chinese communities around the world. It is used to determine festival dates, such as Lunar New Year, as well as auspicious dates, such as wedding dates. It is also used to determine Moon phases because it follows the Moon.Moon Phases in your cityCounting the Years and the 60-Year CycleThe Chinese calendar does not count years in an infinite sequence. Each year is assigned a name consisting of two components within each 60-year cycle. The first component is a celestial stem:Jia (associated with growing wood).Yi (associated with cut timber).Bing (associated with natural fire).Ding (associated with artificial fire).Wu (associated with earth).Ji (associated with earthenware).Geng (associated with metal).Xin (associated with wrought metal).Ren (associated with running water).Gui (associated with standing water).The Chinese ZodiacWhat's my Chinese Zodiac animal?The second component is a terrestrial branch. It features the names of animals in a zodiac cycle consisting of 12 animals:The Chinese Zodiac2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese zodiac. What is 2025?Zi (Rat).Chou (Ox).Yin (Tiger).Mao (Rabbit).Chen (Dragon).Si (Snake).Wu (Horse).Wei (Sheep).Shen (Monkey).You (Rooster).Xu (Dog).Hai (Boar/pig).Each of the two components is used sequentially. Therefore, the first year of the 60-year cycle becomes jia-zi, the second year is yi-chou, and so on. One starts from the beginning when the end of a component is reached. The 10th year is gui-you, the 11th year is jia-xu (restarting the celestial stem) the 12th year is yi-hai, and the 13th year is bing-zi (restarting the celestial branch). Finally, the 60th year is gui-hai.This pattern of naming years within a 60-year cycle dates back about 2000 years. A similar naming of days and months is no longer used but the date name is still listed in calendars. It has been customary to number the 60-year cycle since 2637 BCE when the calendar was supposedly invented.Calculating Chinese New YearAccording to Helmer Aslaksen, of the National University of Singapore, there are two rules of thumb used to calculate the new year in the Chinese calendar. The first rule of thumb is that Chinese New Year should be the New Moon closest to the beginning of spring (in the Northern Hemisphere), known as Lìchūn. This rule is correct most of the time, but it can fail if Lìchūn falls close to halfway between two New Moons. For example, it failed in both 1985 and 2015. Chinese New Year will always fall between January 21 and February 21.The second rule of thumb is that most of the time Chinese New Year will fall 11 (or sometimes 10 or 12) days earlier than the previous year, but if that means that the event would be outside of the Chinese New Year range of January 21 to February 21, a leap month must be added so Chinese New Year jumps 19 (or sometimes 18) days later.Leap YearsChinese Year (AH)Start DateLeap Year?472022 Ene 2023Yes472110 Peb 2024No472229 Ene 2025Yes472317 Peb 2026No47246 Peb 2027NoThe Chinese calendar features 12 months. However, an extra month is inserted in the calendar when a leap year occurs. Therefore, leap years in the Chinese calendar have 13 months, unlike leap years in the Gregorian calendar in which an extra day is included. A leap month is added to the Chinese calendar approximately every three years (7 times in 19 years). The name of the leap month is the same as the previous lunar month. A leap year in the Chinese calendar does not necessarily fall at the same time a leap year occurs in the Gregorian calendar.One must calculate the number of New Moons between the 11th month in one year, which is the month with the December solstice, and the 11th month in the following year to figure out if a year is a leap year. The leap year must be inserted if there are 13 New Moons from the start of the 11th month in the first year to the start of the 11th month in the second year. At least one month does not contain a principal term (Zhongqi) in leap years. The solar term system has 12 principal terms to indicate the Sun's longitudes at every 30 degrees. The first month that does not have a principal term is determined as the leap month.Calendar BackgroundThe Chinese calendar's origins can be traced as far back as the 14th century BCE. The Shang oracle bones give evidence of a lunisolar calendar which has been much modified but persists to this day. It is believed that the Emperor Huangdi (Huang Ti or Huang Di) introduced the calendar between 3000 and 2600 BCE, or around 2637 BCE. It is also thought that his minister Ta Nao prepared the first calendar, called the Chia-tzu or Kan-chih system, which is translated as “the system of cyclical characters”.Another phase was added to the calendar because the system was meant to be for popular use. Twelve animals were associated with each year during the Chou period. These 12 animals were commonly called the 12 Zodiac animals in western society. They were believed to be merely popular symbols and did not have any great significance. However, there have been various folktales linked the origin of the 12 animals.China resisted the Gregorian calendar until 1912 but it was not widely used throughout the country until the Communist victory in 1949. This widespread change occurred on October 1, 1949, when Mao Zedong, who led the People's Republic of China, ordered that the year should be in accord with the Gregorian calendar.Note: timeanddate.com wishes to thank various sources including Claus Tøndering, writer of Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars Version 2.8, and Helmer Aslaksen, of the National University of Singapore.Topics: CalendarChinese CalendarUsed in For traditional purposes in China and overseas Chinese communities Calendar typeLunisolarNumber of days Common year: 353-355Leap year: 383-385 Number of months Common year 12Leap year 13 Correction mechanismLeap monthCalendars Worldwide Gregorian Calendar Julian Calendar Hindu Calendar Buddhist Calendar Islamic Calendar Jewish Calendar Persian Calendar Chinese Calendar Baháʼí Calendar Coptic Calendar Ethiopian Calendar Revised Julian Calendar Mayan Calendar Calendar Services Create Calendar With HolidaysFull yearMonthEneroPebreroMarsoAbrilMayoHunyoHulyoAgostoSetyembreOktubreNobyembreDisyembreAustraliaCanadaIndiaIrelandNew ZealandUnited KingdomUnited StatesAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBritish Virgin IslandsBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo DRCook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCuraçaoCyprusCzechiaDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGregorian calendarGrenadaGuadeloupeGuamGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsle of ManIsraelItalyIvory CoastJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanJulian calendarKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanLa RéunionLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacauMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorfolk IslandNorth KoreaNorth MacedoniaNorthern Mariana IslandsNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRepublic of the CongoRomaniaRussiaRwandaSaint BarthélemySaint HelenaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSão Tomé and PríncipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSint MaartenSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandThe NetherlandsTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluU.S. Virgin IslandsUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVatican CityVenezuelaVietnamWallis and FutunaYemenZambiaZimbabweAlternative Leap Years Bahá'í Calendar Leap Year Chinese Calendar Leap Year Ethiopian Calendar Leap Year Hindu Calendar Leap Year Persian Calendar Leap Year Islamic Calendar Leap Year Jewish Calendar Leap Year Buddhist Calendar Leap Year Leap Years in Other Calendars Moon Phases In Your CityCountdown to Chinese New YearAlso known as Lunar New Year, the Spring Festival, or Chinese New Year.The Chinese Zodiac2024 is the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese zodiac. What is 2025?Chinese Leap MonthThe Chinese calendar adds a leap month every three years to keep in line with the Earth's rotation.Lunar New YearAlso known as the Spring Festival or Chinese New Year.Advertising

Elsewhere on timeanddate.com

About the 12 Months

Why are there 12 months? How long are they, and what do the month names mean?

Is There a Perfect Calendar?

Our calendar does not accurately reflect the length of a tropical year, the time it takes Earth to complete a full orbit around the Sun. Why is that so and are there other calendars that do a better job?

A Year Is Never 365 Days

A tropical year is the time it takes for the seasons to repeat, approximately 365.242189 days. It is a fraction shorter than the time it takes Earth to orbit the Sun.

About the 7 Days

Why are there 7 days? How were the days named, and when does the week start?

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Gregorian-Lunar Calendar Conversion Table｜Hong Kong Observatory(HKO)｜Calendar

跳至主要內容

Gregorian-Lunar Calendar Conversion Table

Please use mouse to choose a year (1901 to 2100), the conversion table is in pdf format.

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The uncertainty in the calculation of the time of moon phases and solar terms decades ahead may be up to a few minutes. If the time of new moon (first day of the lunar month) or solar term is close to midnight, the dates of the relevant lunar month or solar term in the "Conversion Table" may have a discrepancy of one day. Such situation will occur on the new moons on 28 September 2057, 4 September 2089 and 7 August 2097, the Winter Solstice of 2021, Vernal Equinox of 2051, Spring Commences of 2083 and Vernal Equinox of 2084.

Nongli Chinese Calendar Today 2024:Today's Date on Chinese Lunar Calendar

Home

The Chinese Calendar is officially called the NongLi (Farming Calendar), which is also known as the Chinese lunar calendar or traditional calendar.

The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar which is based on exact astronomical observations of the longitude of the sun and the phases of the moon.

Today, although the People’s Republic of China uses the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes, the Chinese calendar is used for traditional activities in China and overseas Chinese communities. It determines the dates of traditional Chinese festivals, and is greatly used for people to find the auspicious days for weddings, moving, or beginning a business.

Chinese Calendar Converter

Chinese New Year 2024

Chinese Zodiacs

Best Wedding Dates 2024

Wedding Dates to Avoid 2024

Best Dates to Cut Hair 2024

Chinese Festivals 2024

24 Solar Terms 2024

Chinese Baby Gender Predictor

Chinese Calendar Year

Chinese Calendar Year of 2024

Chinese Calendar Year of 2025

Chinese Calendar by Month

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Chinese Calendar Today

Western Date:March 8, 2024Time in China(GMT+8)

Chinese Date:Jan 28, Jia Chen Year, Year of Dragon

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Library>China ABC>Sci-Tech>Ancient achievements

Chinese Lunar Calendar

Introduction

The Chinese lunar calendar is a traditional calendar inChinaand it is also called Xia Li, Zhong Li, Jiu Li, or Yin Li. It is based on exact astronomical observations of positions of the sun and moon. Thus in essence it is a combined solar/lunar calendar.

In the calendar, one year is divided into 12 months and the months have either 29 or 30 days, always beginning on days of astronomical new moons. So each year has 354 or 355 days. To make the average length of the years equal to a tropical year, an intercalary month is added every two or three years.

As a result, an ordinary year has 12 months while a leap year has 13 months. And an ordinary year has 354, or 355 days, and a leap year has 384 or 385 days.

Development

The calendar is closely related with the development of the astronomy.China is one of the first countries that see the emergence of astronomy, as well as the calendar. As far as 5,000 years ago,Chinahad the lunisolar calendar, which indicated that each year had 366 days.

In the Shang Dynasty (1600-1066BC), officials were appointed to bear the sole task of observing and recording the changes in the heavens. During this period, people used the lunisolar calendar, with an intercalary added to the end of certain years. During the Western Zhou Dynasty (1066-771BC), the astronomer began to measure the shadow cast by the sun and decided upon 24 solar terms to direct the farming.

In the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-23AD), Emperor Wu ordered the establishment of a new calendar --Taichu Calendar, based on the old calendar. And the calendar was used in the next 200 years. In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220),Sifen Calendarwas drawn.

Later, Zu Chongzhi worked out theDaming Calendar, taking into consideration the precession of the equinoxes for the first time inChina. After observations and studies, Zu concluded that a year lasted exactly 365.24281481 days which was only 52 seconds different from the modern estimate.

In the Tang Dynasty (618-907), famous monk Yi Xing compiled theDayan Calendar, the most comprehensive and thorough calendar in the Chinese history. The almanac consisted of 7 parts, explaining in details how to calculate the new moon, full moon, 24 solar terms, the movement of the sun and the moon, etc. The calendar had great influences as all the later ones were revised according to it before the introduction of western calendar.

In the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), Shen Kuo worked out the 12 Qijie Calendar, discarding the intercalary and this is in line with theGregorian Calendar.

During the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), Guo Shoujing compiled theShoushi Calendar. He employed several methods of calculation, including interpolation, spherical trigonometry to solve four main problems in the previous calendars. His calendar had 365.2425 days in a year, which was only 26 seconds different from the time it takes the earth to go around the sun. His achievement was 300 years earli er than the finalization of the modern calendar.

From the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Jesuit missionaries brought European astronomy toChina. In the early Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), German missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell compiled theShixian Calendar. From 1912,Chinabegan to adopt theGregorian Calendar, but the traditional Chinese lunar calendar was still in use. In essence, the lunar calendar wasShixian Calendar.

Charcteristics

Chinahas a long history and a lot of traditions. Compared with other countries in the world, it is a typical agricultural country, with a long history of agricultural civilization. And all this, to a great degree, is based on the advanced astronomy and calendar.

The birth of Chinese calendar can be seen as a set of astronomical rules the ancient Chinese summed up for the sake of farming. It took shape after a long time of evolvement. The calendar has two main characteristics:

Firstly, it is closely related with traditional Chinese culture, especially the principles included in theYi Jing. Secondly, it employs a unique computing method -- the Tian Gan (heavenly stems) and Di Zhi (earthly branches) method.

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lunar-javascript: 日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神方位等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

lunar-javascript: 日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神方位等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

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MIT

lunar

lunar是一款无第三方依赖的公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历和道历工具，支持星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神宜趋、凶煞宜忌、吉神(喜神/福神/财神/阳贵神/阴贵神)方位、胎神方位、冲煞、纳音、星宿、八字、五行、十神、建除十二值星、青龙名堂等十二神、黄道日及吉凶等。

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示例

普通页面

npm

npm init

npm install lunar-javascript

//test.js

const {Solar} = require('lunar-javascript')

//const {Solar, Lunar, HolidayUtil} = require('lunar-javascript')

let solar = Solar.fromYmd(1986,5,29);

console.log(solar.toFullString());

console.log(solar.getLunar().toFullString());

node test.js

Node.js

//test.js

const {Solar} = require('./lunar.js')

//const {Solar, Lunar, HolidayUtil} = require('./lunar.js')

let solar = Solar.fromYmd(1986,5,29);

console.log(solar.toFullString());

console.log(solar.getLunar().toFullString());

node test.js

输出结果：

1986-05-29 00:00:00 星期四双子座

一九八六年四月廿一丙寅(虎)年癸巳(蛇)月癸酉(鸡)日子(鼠)时纳音[炉中火长流水剑锋金桑柘木] 星期四北方玄武星宿[斗木獬](吉) 彭祖百忌[癸不词讼理弱敌强酉不会客醉坐颠狂] 喜神方位[巽](东南) 阳贵神方位[巽](东南) 阴贵神方位[震](正东) 福神方位[兑](正西) 财神方位[离](正南) 冲[(丁卯)兔] 煞[东]

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日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神方位等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

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About UsCartCheckoutHomeMy accountPortfoliopost listPosts pagePrivacy PolicyShopShopWP CollectionsShopWP ProductsSON OF CHINAWhat Is The Lunar Calendar In China And How Does It Work?Leave a Comment

/ By yelang

/ September 9, 20200

sharesShareTweet PinThere are several calendar systems that exist and they can be quite complex because there is no fixed, regular number of days or lunar months to a specific year. Generally, all calendars are based on the astronomical cycles, that is, the rotation of the Earth (a day), the orbit of the moon around the earth (a month), and the Earth’s orbit around the sun (a year). In this write-up, we will extensively discuss the Chinese Lunar Calendar, which is based on observations of the astronomical cycles. Read on to learn more about its history, the Chinese Calendar Zodiac, and how the Chinese Lunar Calendar works.Contents hide1

What is the Chinese Lunar Calendar?2

Chinese Lunar Calendar History3

Who invented the Chinese Lunar Calendar?4

When is the Chinese New Year on the Lunar Calendar?5

How does the Chinese calendar work?6

How to read the Chinese Lunar Calendar7

How many months are there in the Chinese Lunar Calendar?8

What year is it in Chinese Calendar?9

Chinese Calendar Zodiac10

Solar Terms in Chinese Calendar11

Chinese calendar vs gregorian calendar12

Final ThoughtsWhat is the Chinese Lunar Calendar?The traditional Chinese calendar, popularly known as the Agricultural calendar, Chinese Lunar Calendar, or the Yin Calendar, is a lunisolar calendar that clearly identifies days, months, and years according to astronomical phenomena. Modern China, like nearly all other countries in the world today, uses the Gregorian calendar to track time throughout the year. Even so, the traditional Chinese calendar/Chinese Lunar Calendar plays an important role in Chinese history and culture and it governs important holidays in China. Some of these holidays are the Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival, which is based on the Lunar Calendar specifications in China and the rest of the world where dominant Chinese communities are present.Along with that, the Lunar Calendar gives Chinese terminologies of dates within a year which the Chinese use to select favorable days for starting new businesses, weddings, moving houses, and funerals of their loved ones. Generally, according to the Chinese Lunar calendar, years start on the 2nd or third new moon after the winter solstice, months start on the day of the new moon, and days begin and end at midnight. Also, solar terms tend to govern the beginning and end of each lunar month.Chinese Lunar Calendar HistoryAccording to historical records and several other Chinese literary works, the Chinese Lunar Calendar was developed between 771 BC and 476 BC, during the Spring and Autumn Season of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Before then, only solar calendars, which were the 5-elemental calendars derived from the Wu Xing, were used. Also, other calendars such as the 4-quarters calendar and the balanced calendar were used before the discovery of the Chinese Lunar Calendar.The Zhou calendar, which was introduced under the Zhou Dynasty, is considered the first lunisolar calendar to have ever existed. The calendar sets the beginning of a new year at the day of the new moon right before the winter solstice. At the time of the introduction of the calendar, several states were fighting Zhou control during the Warring States Period, and this saw the simultaneous introduction of competing for lunisolar calendars. The state of Lu hand its own calendar, Jin issued its own Xia calendar, Qin issues the Zhuanxu calendar, and Song also had its own calendar. These calendars are referred to as the quarter-remainder calendars or the six ancient calendars. The months began on the day of the new month, and every year had about 12-13 months. An intercalary month, which was the 13th month, was added to the end of the year. As time went by, modern versions of the Zhuanxu calendar known as the Qiang and Dai calendars came up and were used by the mountain peoples.After the powerful and influential emperor Qin Shi Huang successfully unified China under the authoritarian Qin dynasty in 221 BC, a new calendar was introduced. It was known as the Qin calendar and it followed nearly all the rules governing the Zhuangxu calendar. The main difference was that the year started on the 10th month and ended on the 9th. 13th month, that is the intercalary month, was placed at the end year, and this calendar was also used by the Han dynasty.During the Han and Ming dynasties, the 24 solar terms, which divided the year into 24 equal parts was introduced, and this was known as the Taichu calendar. This calendar established a more organized framework for all traditional calendars and all other future calendars followed suit. During the Ling dynasty, the Daming calendar that was introduced by Zu Chongzi introduced the equinoxes. Later on, in the Tang dynasty’s Wuyin Yuan Calendar, the use of a syzygy to determine the lunar month was first seen. After, in the Yuan Dynasty, a calendar that had a similar format as the Gregorian calendar was introduced.Despite the fact that the Chinese calendar lost its position as the country’s official calendar at the onset of the 20th century, it is still used up to date. During the late Ming dynasty, a new calendar based on Western astronomical arithmetic was introduced and it was used in the early Qing dynasty as a seasonal calendar. According to this Shíxiàn calendar, the solar terms are 15° each along the ecliptic and it is used as a solar calendar. The baseline however, it the Chinese Standard Time and astronomical data is used in the calendar. Several proposals have been made to optimize the Chinese calendars.Who invented the Chinese Lunar Calendar?The origin of the Chinese Lunar calendar can be traced back to the 14th century BC and according to a popular Chinese Legend,as it that Emperor Huangdi- the Yellow Emperor, invented the Lunar Calendar in 2637 BC. Just as we mentioned earlier, the Chinese calendar is based on exact/accurate astronomical observations of the sun’s longitude and the various phases of the moon. Based on that explanation, we can deduce that the principles of modern science have a huge impact on the Chinese calendar.When is the Chinese New Year on the Lunar Calendar?The calendar terminologies ‘Lunar New Year’ and ‘Chinese New Year’ mean the same thing and it not celebrated, as New Year’s is in many parts of the world. The Chinese New Year is also known as the Lunar New Year, because the dates of celebration follow through the phases of the moon. The specific date of the Chinese New Year is often determined by the Chinese Lunar Calendar and the date changes annually. The date is often between 21, January and 20, February. In other countries, the New Year begins on January 1st, but in China, the New Year is marked a little later in the year. In 2021, the Chinese New Year was celebrated on February 12, and in 2022, it will be celebrated on February 1.The New Year celebrations go on for as long as sixteen days, but the specific days which are marked as public holidays are from the 31, January to the 6, February, which are 7 consecutive days. The Chinese take this time off work, rest and celebrate, and this week is commonly known as the Spring Festival. The widely celebrated Lantern Festival, which marks the final day of the traditional Chinese New Year celebrations, takes place on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Chinese Lunar Calendar.How does the Chinese calendar work?According to the Chinese, a new month begins every time the moon moves into a line with the earth and the sun. The first day of a lunar month is known as ‘Shuo Ri’ or ‘Chu Yi’. Immediately the full moon appears, the Chinese know that the middle of the month has arrived. Along with that, the time of a full moon circle is considered to be a little over 29 days, so, a month has about 29 or 30 days.In addition to that, there are about 12 to 13 months in a lunar year. The first lunar month is ushered in by the first solar term, which is the Beginning of Spring. On the first day nearest to this solar term, the Spring Festival, which varies between 20th January and 20th February, is held.Just like the Gregorian calendar has a leap year that actively compensates for the fact that earth doesn’t necessarily travel around the sun in an exact 365 days, the calendar is adjusted to ensure that there is a balance in the movement of the sun between the northern and southern tropics. This is where a leap month comes in. To decide when the leap month should be added to ensure that the lunar calendar is at par with the movement of the earth around the sun, the 24 solar terms come into consideration. In this case, most months may have more one than one solar term, but in instances where one lunar month has only one solar term, it is repeated with about 29 or 30 days as a normal month. This explains why there are 13 months in some years, but this only occurs after every two to three years.How to read the Chinese Lunar CalendarEach month within the Chinese calendar begins with the new moon. The first month of a New Year is referred to as Zhēng Yuè, and this marks the beginning of the new year cycle, and afterwards the New Year celebrations.The calendar then ends with the final winter month, which is referred to as Là Yuè. Since the twelve Lunar months do not necessarily add up to a full solar year, the Chinese have added a leap month known as Rùn Yuè, that falls after very three years.In terms of days, the days within a particular month are grouped into nine or ten-day weeks, which are referred to as Xún and every month is split into the first week (Shàng Xún), the second week (Zhōng Xún), and the third week.How many months are there in the Chinese Lunar Calendar?As mentioned earlier there are 12-13 months in the Chinese Lunar Calendar. The table below highlights all the twelve months and gives a commentary for each month.Month Chinese Identification English Terminology Commentary First Month Zhēngyuè Start MonthThis month starts the yearSecond MonthXìngyuèApricot MonthDuring this month, the apricot trees blossomThird MonthTáoyuèPeach MonthDuring this month, the peach trees greatly blossomForth MonthHuáiyuèLocust Tree MonthDuring this month, several locust trees blossomFifth MonthPúyuèSweet Sedge MonthThe fifth day of this month is when the Dragon Boat Festival is heldSixth MonthHéyuèLotus MonthNotably, all lotus flowers in the region blossomSeventh MonthQiǎoyuèSkill MonthOn the7th day of this month, Chinese Valentine’s Day is celebratedEighth MonthGuìyuèOsmanthus MonthDuring this month, several osmanthus flowers blossomNinth MonthJúyuèChrysanthemum MonthDuring this month, chrysanthemum flowers bloomTenth MonthYángyuèThe Yang MonthSupposedly, the Taoist Yang force us the strongest during this monthEleventh MonthDōngyuèWinter MonthThe Winter Solstice is seen during this monthTwelfth MonthLàyuèPreserved MonthThe Chinese preserve meats of all kinds in preparation for the Spring FestivalWhat year is it in Chinese Calendar?Compared to most other calendars that exist, the Chinese calendar does not count years in an infinite pattern. Instead, different years have names that are repeated after every sixty years. Back then, in ancient China, years were counted since the accession of a new emperor to the throne, but this general rule of thumb was abolished after the 1911 revolution. In that regard, each year is assigned a name consisting of two specific components within every 60-year cycle. The firs component I a celestial stem and the second one is a terrestrial branch (corresponding names of animals in the zodiac). This way of naming goes back 2,000 years ago and the first 60-year calendar started in 2637 BCE, when the calendar was issued.The Celestial Stem’s are;Number Celestial Stem Associated With 1JiaGrowing Wood2YiCut Timber3BingNatural Fire4DingArtificial Fire5WuEarth6JiEarthenware7GengMetal8XinProcessed Metal9RenRunning Water10GuiStill WaterThe Terrestrial Branches are;Number Chinese IdentificationEnglish Name of Animal1ShuRat2NiuOx3HuTiger4TuRabbit5LongDragon6SheSnake7MaHorse8YangSheep9HouMonkey10JiRooster11GouDog12ZhuBoar/PigSo, the current 60-year cycle is said to have started on 2 February 1984, and that date is referred to as ‘Bing-Yin’ and the first month of this year, was known as ‘Gui Choi”. 2021 is considered the year of the Ox and 2022 will be the year of the Tiger, then 2023, will be the year if the Rabbit, and so on.Chinese Calendar ZodiacThe Chinese Zodiac is popularly known as Shu Xiang or Sheng Xiao. It consists of 12 animals that were first seen and heard of in the Zhan Guo period, during the 5th century BC. Reportedly, they were identified during the Han Dynasty but there are no records of the exact date when they were created. The Zodiac is calculated using a 60-year cycle, in which each of the 12 zodiac animals represents a different year.Along with that, the Chinese zodiac is based on Chinese astrology and was the most formal way of counting hours, days, months, and years in the calendar. The Zodiac was formed from two specific components which we discussed earlier- the Terrestrial branch and the celestial stem. Each animal stands for every two hours in a 24-hour day, a day in the 12-day cycle, and a year in a 12-year cycle. Besides that, the zodiac is believed to influence people’s marriages, fortune, compatibility levels, personality, and personal career choices. So, people’s birth years actively determine their respective Chinese zodiac signs.According to different Chinese literary works, there is a popular Chinese legend that states that the Jade Emperor had the option to select 12 animals to be his palace guards. He loved the Ox more, so he wanted it to be the first one as it was honest and diligent, but the rat went over the horses back and took the first place. The tiger then became the king of the forest and the dragon became the lord of the sea, and they both ranked behind the Ox. The rabbit became the victor in a race against the dragon and became forth. The snake, horse, sheep, monkey, and the rooster then came after. Because the dog bit the rabbit, he was supposed to be last. But, because the pig delayed to meet the Jade emperor, he had to take the last place.Solar Terms in Chinese CalendarThe table below highlights the 24 Solar Terms of the Lunar Calendar China and outlines their meanings.Season Solar Terms Identification in Chinese Specific Time Period when it falls (Month +Date)CommentarySpring Season Start of SpringLìchūn February 3rd or 4thThe Spring Season commences in the South of ChinaRain WaterYǔshuǐ February 18/19thRainfall starts to increase from this date onwardsAwakening of InsectsJingZhe March 5thThunder begins during this time and the hibernating insects slowly start to awakenThe Spring Equinox(Vernal Equinox)Chūnfēn March 20th/21stThe sun is directly above the equator and the days and nights are of equal lengthsPure Brightness/ Clear and BrightQīngmíng April 4thBegins when the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 15 degrees. The Qingming festival is celebrated during this time, the skies are often clear and bright and the temperatures are noticeably warmerGrain RainGǔyǔ April 19th/20thThe last solar term in Spring where early crops slowly start showing their shoots. Also, temperatures rise rapidly and heavy rain occurs during this time. Farmers are reminded to control insect pests during this timeSummer Season Beginning of SummerLìxiàMay 5thSummer begins in the South of ChinaSmall Grain/Grain BudsXiǎomǎnMay 20thDuring this time of the year, seeds of the summer crops start to plump, but they aren’t always ripeGrain in EarMángzhǒngJune 5thWheat and other summer crops become completely ripe and the summer planting season begins in Southern ChinaSummer SolsticeXiàzhìJune 21stCharacterized by very long days and extremely short nightsSlight HeatXiǎoshǔJuly 6th/7thIt begins to become uncomfortably hot/ The hottest period of the year commencesMajor HeatDàshǔJuly 22ndTemperatures are extremely hot, controlled by monsoons hence frequent showers and thunderstorms in Northern China, season of natural disasters,Autumn Season Beginning of AutumnLìqiūAugust 7thThe Autumn season officially begins but the after heat effect is still felt. Also, this is when autumn harvesting crops ripenLimit of HeatChùshǔAugust 23rdDuring this time, there is a transition of temperatures from hot to cool. This officially marks the end of the hot summer seasonWhite DewBáilùSeptember 7thTemperatures are decreasing at this time; dew appears in the early morning on the grounds and the leaves.The Autumnal EquinoxQiūfēnSeptember 22ndDay and night are equally long. During this time, farmers sow winter wheat and riceCold DewHánlùOctober 8thThe dew on the ground and on the leaves is colder and easily becomes frozen dew. There is less rain and the temperatures are much lower. During this time, farmers try to protect their crops from freeze injuryDescent of FrostShuāngjiàngOctober 23rdThe weather becomes much colder and frost begins to fall (mostly in North China)Winter Season Beginning of WinterLìdōngNovember 7thAnimals go into hibernation, crops harvested in autumn need to be stored up. (In this case, winter starts in Northern China, but comes later in Southern China)Minor/Slight SnowXiǎoxuěNovember 22ndSudden temperature drops and it becomes much colder, a little snow is seen during this timeGreat/Major SnowDàxuěDecember 7thIt begins to snow heavily and it marks the beginning of mid-winter. These are the coldest days for most parts of China. Chinese believe heavy snow during this time equals great harvestThe Winter SolsticeDōngzhìDecember 21stExtremely long nights and short days. During this time, the Chinese worship gods and the ancestors as they believe that the energy of heaven and earth is starting to grow stronger. People of North China eat spicy dumplings and people of south China eat sweet dumplings during this timeSlight/Minor ColdXiǎohánJanuary 6thThe coldest days of the year beginGreat/Major ColdDàhánJanuary 20thSevere coldChinese calendar vs gregorian calendarThe Gregorian calendar and the Chinese calendar are two of many calendar systems. Unlike the Chinese lunar calendar, which is primarily used in East Asia, the Gregorian solar calendar is in use all over the world.Pope Gregory XIII instituted the Gregorian calendar in 1582; it is a solar calendar, meaning that the length of a year is calculated from the time it takes the Earth to complete one orbit around the sun. In a typical year, there are 365 days; in a leap year, there are 366. For civil purposes like planning events and holidays, the Gregorian calendar is widely used.China, on the other hand, has been using a calendar based on the lunar cycle for more than four thousand years. Each of the 12 lunar months in the Chinese calendar begins on the first day of the new moon, as the calendar is based on lunar cycles. In the Chinese calendar, a year is about 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar because a lunar month is about 29.5 days long. Every few years, the Chinese calendar adds a leap month to compensate for this discrepancy.The use of zodiac signs based on animals is a distinctive aspect of the Chinese calendar. Rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig are the 12 animals that represent the years in the Chinese calendar. People’s personalities and futures are said to be shaped by the animal sign that corresponds to the year they were born.Traditional Chinese festivals and holidays, such as the Lunar New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival, are all based on specific dates that are calculated using the Chinese calendar. The dates of these festivals and holidays shift from year to year because they are based on the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian one.Final Thoughts The traditional festivals, holidays, and celebrations in China are entirely determined by the Chinese Lunar Calendar. In as much as it is not popularly used today, it is an integral part of Chinas history and culture.Post navigation← Previous PostNext Post →Leave a Comment Cancel ReplyYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Type here..Name*Email*Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

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What is the Chinese Calendar?Tania Yeromiyan December 9, 2023Chinese Zodiac

Learn Chinese in China or on Zoom and gain fluency in Chinese!Join CLI and learn Chinese with your personal team of Mandarin teachers online or in person at the CLI Center in Guilin, China.How much do you know about the traditional Chinese calendar? Read this article to discover how this ancient lunisolar calendar works and explore its continued importance in modern Chinese society and culture.

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The traditional Chinese calendar

Modern China, like the vast majority of countries in the world, utilizes the Gregorian calendar—our standard solar-based calendar—as its primary means of tracking time throughout the year. That means January 1 in Paris is also January 1 in Beijing.

Yet as with so many cultural gems from Chinese history, the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar—a distinct and separate timekeeping method from the aforementioned Gregorian calendar—has managed to secure its role in modern Chinese society.

To this day, the Chinese lunisolar calendar is used on a daily basis in China to track birthdays, Chinese holidays, and more.

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Solar vs. Lunar vs. Lunisolar: What's the difference?

Often incorrectly referred to as a lunar calendar, the traditional Chinese calendar is in fact lunisolar. You may wonder, what's the difference between a strictly lunar calendar and the Chinese lunisolar calendar?

A lunar calendar is typically based on the moon's 29.53-day synodic orbit around the earth. The year is then divided into 12 lunar months, which inconveniently only adds up to 354 days per year, roughly 11 days short of the actual time it takes the earth to complete one full orbit around the sun: 365 days.

To remedy this discrepancy and to ensure that the traditional Chinese calendar keeps pace with the Gregorian calendar, the Chinese implemented the lunisolar method of timekeeping. The traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar is thus a hybrid timekeeping method that takes into account both the moon's orbit around the earth and the earth's 365-day orbit around the sun.

The Chinese accomplish this by adding a 13th month to their traditional calendar approximately once every three years. In Chinese, the Chinese lunisolar calendar is typically referred to as the 农历 (nóng lì), which directly translates to "agricultural calendar."

Chinese farmers traditionally used the Chinese calendar as a guide for planting and harvesting crops.

How does the Chinese calendar work?

Each month within the calendar starts with the new moon. The first month of the year is called 正月 (zhēng yuè) which marks the start of the new year cycle (and consequently the Chinese New Year celebration).

The Chinese calendar year ends with the last winter month which is called 腊月 (là yuè). Since 12 lunar months do not add up to a full solar year, a leap month (闰月 rùn yuè) is added every three years.

Days within a month are also grouped into 9 or 10-day weeks known as 旬 (xún). Each month is split into 上旬 (shàng xún), 中旬 (zhōng xún) and 下旬 (xià xún), marking the first, second and third week, respectively.

The Chinese lunisolar calendar operates on a sexagenary cycle (a 60-year cycle) which consists of 10 stems (干 gàn) and 12 branches (支 zhī). These are used to mark each month and year and in total can create 60 stem-branch combinations. Thus a 60-year cycle is formed, which figuratively was a full lifespan in dynastic times.

The Chinese lunisolar calendar operates on a 60-year cycle.

24 solar terms

There were originally only four solar terms in the Shang dynasty: the summer solstice, the winter solstice and the spring and autumn equinoxes. During the Han dynasty, however, the solar year (岁 suì) was further split into 24 solar terms known as 节气 (jié qì). These solar terms mark particular astronomical events such as equinoxes, solstices and other natural occurrences such as weather changes to guide farmers.

The 24 solar terms are as follows:

ChinesePinyinSignificance

立春lìchūnstart of spring

雨水yǔshuǐrainwater

惊蛰jīngzhéawakening of insects

春分chūnfēnspring equinox

清明qīngmíngclear and bright

谷雨gǔyǔgrain rains

立夏lìxiàstart of summer

小满xiǎomǎngrain full

芒种mángzhònggrain in ear

夏至xiàzhìsummer solstice

小暑xiǎoshǔminor heat

大暑Dàshǔmajor heat

立秋lìqiūstart of autumn

处暑Chùshǔlimit of heat

白露báilùwhite dew

秋分qiūfēnautumnal equinox

寒露hánlùcold dew

霜降shuāngjiàngdescent of frost

立冬lìdōngstart of winter

小雪xiǎoxuěminor snow

大雪dàxuěmajor snow

冬至dōngzhìwinter solstice

小寒xiǎohánminor cold

大寒dàhánmajor cold

Is the Chinese calendar still used to this day?

The Gregorian calendar—the standard international calendar—is also the official calendar in China and used for all public and business affairs. This includes holidays such as Labor Day, Women’s Day, Chinese National Day, and the international New Year.

However, the Chinese calendar still plays an important and dominant role in everyday life. It is used to govern traditional Chinese holidays such as the Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day (or Qingming Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, and, of course, the Chinese New Year.

The Chinese calendar remains important in modern Chinese society, especially in rural areas.

Chinese astrology and fortune-telling

The stems and branches—both individually and in combination—also have Yin Yang and Wu Xing (five-element) attributes. Therefore, the Chinese lunisolar calendar is used in Chinese astrology and fortune-telling, for naming newborns, and for selecting auspicious days for weddings, funerals or starting a business/making a big purchase.

If curious, you can use this chart to find your own Chinese zodiac sign.

The Chinese calendar is intimately connected with the Chinese zodiac.

The Chinese calendar plays an integral part in modern Chinese society, both within China and the Chinese diaspora, so it is recommended to learn more if you are interested in further understanding the culture or if you wish to live in China.

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lunar-calendar - npm

skip to:contentpackage searchsign in❤Nutella Peanut-Butter MarshmallowProTeamsPricingDocumentationnpmSearchSign UpSign In lunar-calendar0.1.4 • Public • Published 10 years ago ReadmeCode Beta0 Dependencies13 Dependents4 VersionsLunarCalendar#

农历（阴历）万年历，是一款支持Node.js和浏览器端使用的全功能农历和公历日历类库。支持农历与公历之间相互转换，含有二十四节气，天干地支纪年纪月纪日，生肖属相，公历节假日及农历传统节假日信息等功能。自带2013-2014节假日安排数据，并可自行配置。带有黄历数据，可自行选择配置。支持1891-2100年。使用LunarCalendar可快速开发一款属于自己的万年历产品，行动起来吧！

Install##

Node.js服务器端(使用npm安装)：

npm install lunar-calendar

浏览器端使用，引用脚本：

Usage##

Node.js###

var LunarCalendar = require("lunar-calendar");

浏览器###

window.LunarCalendar是一个全局对象，可以全局作用域直接调用。

方法列表##

LunarCalendar.calendar(year,month[,fill])###

通过公历获取某月农历数据

参数说明####

@param {Number} year 公历年范围[1891-2100]

@param {Number} month 公历月范围[1-12]

@param {Boolean} fill（可选）是否填充当月日历首尾日期，设为true时，会在首尾填入上下月数据，自动补全一个7*6阵列数据。（可更美观的打造你的万年历产品）

返回数据####

{

"firstDay": 5, //该月1号星期几（日历开始位置）

"monthDays": 28, //该月天数

"monthData": [ //本月所有日历数据

{

"year": 2014, //公历年

"month": 2, //公历月

"day": 1, //公历日

"zodiac": "蛇", //生肖属相

"GanZhiYear": "癸巳", //干支纪年

"GanZhiMonth": "乙丑", //干支纪月

"GanZhiDay": "癸卯", //干支纪日

"worktime": 2, //0无特殊安排，1工作，2放假

"lunarYear": 2014, //农历年

"lunarMonth": 1, //农历月（1-13，有闰月情况，比如当前闰9月，10表示闰9月，11表示10月）

"lunarDay": 2, //农历日

"lunarMonthName": "正月", //农历月中文名

"lunarDayName": "初二", //农历日中文名

"lunarLeapMonth": 9, //农历闰月所在月份，0表示无闰月

"solarFestival": "", //公历节假日，undefined或‘劳动节’之类

"lunarFestival": "", //农历节假日，undefined或‘除夕’之类

"term": "" //二十四节气名，undefined或‘立春’之类

...

]

}

LunarCalendar.solarCalendar(year,month[,fill])###

获取公历某月日历数据（不带农历信息）

参数说明####

@param {Number} year 公历年范围[1-~]公元后

@param {Number} month 公历月范围[1-12]

返回数据####

{

"firstDay": 5, //该月1号星期几（日历开始位置）

"monthDays": 28, //该月天数

"monthData": [ //本月所有日历数据

{

"year": 2014, //公历年

"month": 2, //公历月

"day": 1 //公历日

...

]

}

LunarCalendar.solarToLunar(year,month,day)###

将公历转换为农历

参数说明####

@param {Number} year 公历年范围[1891-2100]

@param {Number} month 公历月范围[1-12]

@param {Number} day 公历日范围[1-31]

返回数据####

{

"zodiac": "蛇", //生肖属相

"GanZhiYear": "癸巳", //干支纪年

"GanZhiMonth": "乙丑", //干支纪月

"GanZhiDay": "癸卯", //干支纪日

"worktime": 2, //0无特殊安排，1工作，2放假

"lunarYear": 2014, //农历年

"lunarMonth": 1, //农历月（1-13，有闰月情况，比如当前闰9月，10表示闰9月，11表示10月）

"lunarDay": 2, //农历日

"lunarMonthName": "正月", //农历月中文名

"lunarDayName": "初二", //农历日中文名

"lunarLeapMonth": 9, //农历闰月所在月份，0表示无闰月

"solarFestival": "", //公历节假日，undefined或‘劳动节’之类

"lunarFestival": "", //农历节假日，undefined或‘除夕’之类

"term": "" //二十四节气名，undefined或‘立春’之类

}

LunarCalendar.lunarToSolar(year,month,day)###

将农历转换为公历

参数说明####

@param {Number} year 农历年范围[1891-2100]

@param {Number} month 农历月范围[1-13]（有闰月情况，比如当前闰9月，10表示闰9月，11表示10月）

@param {Number} day 农历日范围[1-30]

返回数据####

{

"year": 2014, //公历年

"month": 1, //公历月

"day": 31 //公历日

}

LunarCalendar.setWorktime(data)###

设置某年的节假日安排信息（类库已内置2013-2014年的数据）

参数说明####

@param {Object} data 节假日安排信息(以年为key，可设置多年)

0：无特殊安排，1：工作，2：放假

参数data格式如下：

{

"y2014": {

"d0101": 2,

"d0126": 1,

"d0131": 2,

"d0201": 2,

"d0202": 2,

"d0203": 2,

"d0204": 2,

"d0205": 2,

"d0206": 2,

"d0208": 1,

"d0405": 2,

"d0407": 2,

"d0501": 2,

"d0502": 2,

"d0503": 2,

"d0504": 1,

"d0602": 2,

"d0908": 2,

"d0928": 1,

"d1001": 2,

"d1002": 2,

"d1003": 2,

"d1004": 2,

"d1005": 2,

"d1006": 2,

"d1007": 2,

"d1011": 1

}

黄历数据##

在目录/hl/下有2008-2020年的黄历数据，用户可自行选择在自己万年历中进行添加。

公用服务器API##

用Node.js搭载lunar-calendar类库。

API:http://api.tuijs.com/

请求类型：GET

返回数据：JSON 或 JSONP

JSONP：支持，添加参数callback（仅支持数字，字母，下划线）

API列表###

通过公历获取某月农历数据 http://api.tuijs.com/calendar

获取公历某月日历数据（不带农历信息）http://api.tuijs.com/solarCalendar

将公历转换为农历http://api.tuijs.com/solarToLunar

将农历转换为公历http://api.tuijs.com/lunarToSolar

例如：

http://api.tuijs.com/lunarToSolar?year=2011&month=1&day=1&callback=fn

fn({"year":2011,"month":2,"day":16})

其它##

项目主页：http://www.tuijs.com/

作者博客：http://www.2fz1.com/

JasonZhou

ReadmeKeywordsnonePackage SidebarInstallnpm i lunar-calendarRepositoryGitgithub.com/zzyss86/LunarCalendarHomepagegithub.com/zzyss86/LunarCalendar#readmeDownloadsWeekly Downloads274Version0.1.4LicensenoneLast publish10 years agoCollaboratorsTry on RunKitReport malware FooterSupportHelpAdvisoriesStatusContact npmCompanyAboutBlogPressTerms & PoliciesPoliciesTerms of UseCode of ConductPrivacy

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Calendar – Chinese New Year

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Chinese New Year Calendar

Fefe Ho

8 min read

The Chinese New Year, or Spring Festival, has more than 4,000 years of history and is the longest holiday of the year. In the 21st century, the national holiday begins on the first of the Lunar Calendar and lasts until the 15th of the first month. In 2024, Chinese New Year begins on February 10th and ends February 24th with the Lantern Festival.

In China, all stores are closed during the first five days of the Spring Festival, with some not opening until the very end. People must stock up on New Year supplies (年货 / nian huo) beforehand and many begin on the Laba Festival. Kitchens will also show the first signs of Spring Festival dishes with the preparation of cured meat, salted fish and other preserved food.

The Laba festival

However, in the traditional sense, the Laba Festival (腊八 / Làbā jié) of the lunar December (January 18th, 2024) marks the beginning of the Spring Festival. Memorial ceremonies are held on this day to pray to ancestors and gods (such as door gods) for fortune and a successful harvest. Though paganist in nature, the festival has become integrated into religions such as Daoism and Buddhism.

The main food for this festival is the Laba porridge (腊八粥 / Làbā zhōu). It includes seven types of grains, such as red bean, red dates and husked rice. There are many different myths regarding this porridge, but all teach the lesson of being grateful and not taking what you have for granted.

In addition, the Laba menu includes Laba tofu (腊八豆腐 / àbā dòufu), noodles (腊八面 / Làbā miàn) and wheat kernel rice (麦仁饭 / Mài rén fàn). It is also said that eating ice on this day will prevent any stomachaches for the year.

The Spring Festival

Kicking off the main festivities is the Little Year on January 14th, with the Spring Festival officially beginning February 10th (February 9th is New Year's Eve) and ending with the Lantern Festival on February 24th. Here is a list of the most important dates for the Chinese New Year:

Solar date (2024)

Lunar date

Title

January 14th

December 23rd

Little Year (小年 / xiǎo nián)

February 9th

December 30th

New Year's Eve (除夕 / chúxì)

February 10th

January 1st

Spring Festival (春节 / chūn jié)

February 11th

January 2nd

To the in-law’s (迎婿日 / yíng xù rì)

February 12th

January 3rd

Day of the Rat (鼠日 / shǔ rì)

February 13th

January 4th

Day of the Sheep (羊日 / yáng rì)

February 14th

January 5th

Break Five (破五 / pò wǔ)

February 15th

January 6th

Day of the Horse (马日 / mǎ rì)

February 16th

January 7th

Day of the Human (人日 / rén rì)

February 17th

January 8th

Day of the Millet (谷日节 / gǔ rì jié)

February 18th

January 9th

Providence Health (天公生 / tiān gōng shēng)

February 19th

January 10th

Stone Festival (石头节 / shí tou jié)

February 20th

January 11th

Son-in-law Day (子婿日 / zǐ xù rì)

February 21st-23rd

January 12th–14th

Lantern Festival Preperations

February 24th

January 15th

Lantern Festival (元宵节 / yuán xiāo jié)

The Spring Festival is long and has specific activities and traditions for each day. As usual, they vary between regions. Here is a short summary of what may be on the schedule.

January 14th: Little Year (小年 / xiǎo nián)

In the past, government officials celebrated this day on the 23rd. Common folk celebrated on the 24th and fishermen on the 25th.

Lunar dateDecember 23rd (腊月二十三 / là yuè èr shí sān)

Solar (Gregorian) dateJanuary 14th, 2024

Activities & traditionsThis is another day of memorial and prayer ceremonies. Main activities include house cleaning to sweep away bad luck (扫年 / sǎo nián) and pray to the stove god (祭灶 / jì zào).

FoodSugar melons (糖瓜 / táng guā), also known as stove candy (灶糖 / Zào táng), are made of malt and can only be found on this day. Other food include baked wheat cakes (火烧 / huǒ shāo) and tofu soup (豆腐汤 / dòufu tang).

February 9th: New Year’s Eve (除夕 / chúxì)

Depending on the moon cycle, New Year’s Eve either lands on the 29th or 30th of the lunar December. Regardless, this day is also known as the 30th of the year (大年三十 / dà nián sān shí).

Lunar dateDecember 30th (腊月三十 / là yuè sān shí)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 9th, 2024

Activities & traditionsThe reunion dinner, the most important meal of the year, takes place on this day. After dinner, the children will receive red envelopes. The family will then stay up late and wait for the New Year (守岁 / shǒu suì).

FoodA feast of everyone’s favorites and specialties.

February 10th: Spring Festival (春节 / chūn jié)

The original name for this day was Yuán Dàn (元旦), with Yuan meaning “the beginning.” However, Yuan Dan is now used to refer to the New Year of the solar calendar.

Lunar dateJanuary 1st (正月初一 / zhēng yuè chū yī)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 10th, 2024

Activities & traditionsFirecrackers start off a day of greetings and blessings between neighbors. There are no specific activities other than celebrating the New Year. The ancient Chinese record and analyze the weather, stars and moon to predict the fortunes of the year. The practice is known as zhàn suì (占岁).

FoodIn addition to food from last night, people can also celebrate with Tu Su wine (屠苏酒 / tú sū jiǔ).

Superstitions & beliefsIt is forbidden to sweep or clean on this day, else good fortune will be swept away.

February 11th: To the in-law’s (迎婿日 / yíng xù rì)

In northern regions, the events are held on the 3rd.

Lunar dateJanuary 2nd (正月初二 / zhēng yuè chū èr)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 11th, 2024

Activities & traditionsOn this day, a married daughter must bring her husband and children to her parent’s home. She must bring a gift bag of crackers and candies, which her mother will divide between neighbors. This simple gift shows that “it’s the thought that counts” and expresses the daughter’s longing for her hometown.

FoodLunch is eaten together and the daughter should return to her husband’s home before dinner.

February 12th: Day of the Rat (鼠日 / shǔ rì)

According to folktales, this is the day that rats marry.

Lunar dateJanuary 3rd (正月初三 / zhēng yuè chū sān)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 12th, 2024

Activities & traditionsPeople will leave some grains and crackers in corners to share their harvest with the rats. They will then go to sleep early in order to not disturb the “wedding.” This way, the rats will not disturb them during the year either.

February 13th: Day of the Sheep (羊日 / yáng rì)

In Chinese mythology, the world was created by Nǚwā (女娲). Sheep were created on the 4th day.

Lunar dateJanuary 4th (正月初四 / zhēng yuè chū sì)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 13th, 2024

Activities & traditionsThe god of wealth is prayed to on this day. Offerings include three types of meat, fruits and wine. At midnight, people will welcome the god in by opening the windows and eating and drinking until daybreak.

FoodThe welcoming of five gods (接五路 / jiē wǔ lù) requires three tables of food. The first has kumquats and sugarcanes for a sweet life and successful road; cakes are on the second table. The third table has the main course of whole pig, whole chicken, whole fish and soup.

Superstitions & beliefsIt’s forbidden to slaughter sheep on this day. Fair weather is a sign that the sheep will be healthy this year and the family will have a bountiful harvest.

February 14th: Break Five (破五 / pò wǔ)

After praying to the god of wealth, markets and stores are able to open again. Women can also go out and give New Year blessings.

Lunar dateJanuary 5th (正月初五 / zhēng yuè chū wǔ)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 14th, 2024

FoodDumplings (饺子 / jiao zi) are eaten to bring in wealth. Traditionally, it should be eaten for five days straight. The rule isn’t followed too strictly anymore, but every household will have dumplings at least once.

Superstitions & beliefsSome say that taboos and activities forbidden on other days can be performed on the 5th. Others say it’s unfit to work on this day.

February 15th: Day of the Horse (马日 / mǎ rì)

Nüwa created the horse on the 6th day.

Lunar dateJanuary 6th (正月初六 / zhèng yuè chū liù)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 15th, 2024

Activities & traditionsAfter the “break five” of the day before, people can truly begin working again. People will also send the spirit of poverty away (送穷鬼 / sòng qióng guǐ), supposedly a frail-looking man who liked to drink thin porridge and purposely turned his clothing into rags, by burning scraps and offering banana boat candles.

Superstitions & beliefsIt is believed that the god of bathrooms (厕所神 / cè suǒ shén) will visit to check the sanitary conditions, so every household will use this day to clean.

February 16th: Day of the Human (人日 / rén rì)

On the 7th day, humans were created by Nüwa. Celebrations for the Day of Humans originate from the Han dynasty.

Lunar dateJanuary 7th (正月初七 / zhēng yuè chū qī)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 16th, 2024

Activities & traditionsAncient China had the tradition of wearing a hair accessory called rén sheng (人胜). Colorful cutouts and gold engravings of flowers and people were pasted onto screens.

FoodSeven Gem Porridge (七宝羹 / qī bǎo gēng) is the dish for this day. It includes seven types of vegetables: kale, leek, mustard leaves, celery, garlic, spring vegetable (春菜 / chūn cài) and thick leaf vegetables (厚瓣菜 / hòu bàn cài).

Superstitions & beliefsFair weather is a sign of a safe and sound year.

February 17th: Day of the Millet (谷日节 / gǔ rì jié)

According to legends, this is the millet grain’s birthday. Agriculture was the basis of ancient Chinese society and people highly valued the grain.

Lunar dateJanuary 8th (正月初八 / zhēng yuè chū ba)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 17th, 2024

Activities & traditionsPets such as fish and birds are released back into the wild to show respect to nature. In modern times, some families visit rural areas to learn about agriculture. This helps children appreciate farmers’ hard work and become more environmentally-aware.

Superstitions & beliefsFair weather is a sign of a fruitful harvest. A gray sky warns of a year of losses. Stores opened today will have great business.

February 18th: Providence Health (天公生 / tiān gōng shēng)

This is the birthday of the highest god, the Jade Emperor (玉皇大帝 / yù huáng dà dì). In Daoism, he is the sovereign of the universe and is the ultimate representation of “sky.”

Lunar dateJanuary 9th (正月初九 / zhēng yuè chū jiu)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 18th, 2024

Activities & traditionsThe main activities are ceremonies for the Jade Emperor. In some regions, women will bring fragrant flower candles to natural wells, harbors or open space and pray to the gods.

Superstitions & beliefsBefore praying, everyone must fast and bathe. If there is a meat offering, the animal must be male.

February 19th: Stone Festival (石头节 / shí tou jié)

Ten (十 / shí) has the same pronunciation as rock (石). Therefore, this is the birthday of the Rock.

Lunar dateJanuary 10th (正月初十 / zhēng yuè chū shí)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 19th, 2024

Activities & traditionsIn some regions, the people will freeze a clay jar onto a smooth stone the night before. On the morning of the 10th, ten youths will carry the jar around. If the stone doesn’t fall, it’s a sign of a good harvest.

FoodLunch is a meal of baked bread (馍饼 / mó bǐng). It is believed that after eating, the road to wealth will be open and smooth for that year.

Superstitions & beliefsIt is forbidden to use stone tools, such as rollers and millstones.

February 20th: Son-in-law Day (子婿日 / zǐ xù rì)

Fathers will invite their daughters and son-in-law’s to dinner on this day.

Lunar dateJanuary 11th (正月十一 / zhēng yuè shí yī)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 20th, 2024

FoodEven after meals the day before, there are usually plenty of leftovers from Tiangong Sheng. The family uses this to treat the in-law.

February 16th–18th: Lantern Festival Preparations

During this period people will begin preparations for the Lantern Festival (元宵节 / Yuán xiāo jié) by purchasing lanterns and constructing light sheds.

Lunar dateJanuary 12th–14th (正月十二-十四 / zhèng yuè shí’èr—shí’sì)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 21st-23rd, 2024

Superstitions & beliefsThe saying goes: make noise on the 11th, build light sheds on the 12th, light the lantern on the 13th, light is bright on the 14th, a full moon on the 15th, end the light on the 16th. It has a nice rhythm in Chinese and summarizes the activities of the next few days.

February 24th: Lantern Festival (元宵节 / yuán xiāo jié)

The festival lasted ten days in the Ming dynasty, but is now only five days in modern times.

Lunar dateJanuary 15th (正月十五 / zhēng yuè shí wǔ)

Solar (Gregorian) dateFebruary 24th, 2024

Activities & traditionsCreating lanterns is the most important activity during the festival. Lantern Riddles (猜灯谜 / cāi dēng mí) is a game played by writing riddles on lanterns. As it is a full moon that day, moon-gazing amidst lanterns is the best way to celebrate.

FoodNamed after the festival, yuan xiao are glutinous rice balls often eaten as a dessert. Either boiled, steamed or fried, they represent reunions.

Superstitions & beliefsLanterns (天灯 / tiān dēng) sounds similar to (添丁 / tiān dīng), or “add children.” Many will light lanterns in hopes of adding children to the family.

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Chinese New Year

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Traditions

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21 Things You Didn’t Know About Chinese New Year

Get the facts ↝

GitHub - 6tail/lunar-python: 日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，支持节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神宜趋凶煞宜忌、吉神(喜神/福神/财神/阳贵神/阴贵神)方位、胎神方位、冲煞、纳音、星宿、八字、五行、十神、建除十二值星、青龙名堂等十二神、黄道黑道日及吉凶等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

GitHub - 6tail/lunar-python: 日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，支持节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神宜趋凶煞宜忌、吉神(喜神/福神/财神/阳贵神/阴贵神)方位、胎神方位、冲煞、纳音、星宿、八字、五行、十神、建除十二值星、青龙名堂等十二神、黄道黑道日及吉凶等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

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lunar-python

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日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，支持节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神宜趋凶煞宜忌、吉神(喜神/福神/财神/阳贵神/阴贵神)方位、胎神方位、冲煞、纳音、星宿、八字、五行、十神、建除十二值星、青龙名堂等十二神、黄道黑道日及吉凶等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

6tail.cn/calendar/api.html

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GitHub - 6tail/lunar-javascript: 日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，支持节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神宜趋凶煞宜忌、吉神(喜神/福神/财神/阳贵神/阴贵神)方位、胎神方位、冲煞、纳音、星宿、八字、五行、十神、建除十二值星、青龙名堂等十二神、黄道黑道日及吉凶等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

GitHub - 6tail/lunar-javascript: 日历、公历(阳历)、农历(阴历、老黄历)、佛历、道历，支持节假日、星座、儒略日、干支、生肖、节气、节日、彭祖百忌、每日宜忌、吉神宜趋凶煞宜忌、吉神(喜神/福神/财神/阳贵神/阴贵神)方位、胎神方位、冲煞、纳音、星宿、八字、五行、十神、建除十二值星、青龙名堂等十二神、黄道黑道日及吉凶等。lunar is a calendar library for Solar and Chinese Lunar.

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6tail

lunar-javascript

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739

6tail.cn/calendar/api.html

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